Uit de onderzoeken van lectoraat Diversiteitsvraagstukken van Hogeschool Inholland blijkt dat het onderwijs voor veel jongeren een plek is waar ze voor de eerste keer in contact komen met leeftijdsgenoten die niet op ze lijken en met wie ze gedurende hun eerdere levensloop of schoolloopbaan vrijwel geen contact hebben gehad. Die onbekendheid met elkaar kan zorgen voor interesse en belangstelling in elkaars leef en denkwereld, maar ook voor wrijving, conflicten en het bevestigen van (voor)oordelen over elkaar. Dat betekent dat er een groot beroep wordt gedaan op de pedagogische, didactische en sociale kwaliteiten van docenten. Het betekent ook dat docenten zich voortdurend bewust zijn van de wijze waarop ze zich verhouden tot (de opvattingen en gedragingen van) deze jongeren om verbindingen tussen en met deze jongeren te ontwikkelen. Om inzicht te krijgen in de wijze waarop de docenten van Vocal Statements via het muziekonderwijs verbindingen met jongeren in het vmbo tot stand brengen, welke handvatten daarvoor nodig zijn en tegen welke vragen ze daarbij oplopen, is een verkennend onderzoek uitgevoerd in de periode september 2021 – mei 2022 door het lectoraat Diversiteitvraagstukken. Dit rapport weerspiegelt de ervaringen en belevingen van docenten van Vocal Statements en geeft inzicht in de betekenisvolheid van hun werk, maar ook de complexe dynamiek waarin dit werk zich afspeelt.
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This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in INTERNATIONAL SPECTATOR on 31-01-2022, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03932729.2021.2007610 In July 2015, after intense negotiations with its creditors, Greece received a bailout in exchange for fiscal restraint. The coalition government at that time, led by the left-wing SYRIZA party, elected on the basis of an anti-austerity platform, eventually accepted the prevalent austerity frames of the creditors. Through the aid of Q-method, an analysis of Greek opinion leaders’ views of the negotiation highlights that this outcome can be explained in two different ways. The first posits that the ideological overtones that ruling SYRIZA injected in its negotiation strategy exhibited a lack of socialisation and undermined Greece’s already weak bargaining position. The second focuses on the institutional status quo bias in the Eurogroup in Germany’s favour, which discourages any change in the Eurozone. These two views may have partly been influenced by questions of political accountability.
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Stress is increasingly being recognized as one of the main factors that is negatively affecting our health, and therefore there is a need to regulate daily stress and prevent long-term stress. This need seems particularly important for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) who have been shown to have more difficulties coping with stress than adults without intellectual disabilities. Hence, the development of music therapy interventions for stress reduction, particularly within populations where needs may be greater, is becoming increasingly important. In order to gain more insight into the practice-based knowledge on how music therapists lower stress levels of their patients with MID during music therapy sessions, we conducted focus group interviews with music therapists working with adults with MID (N = 13) from different countries and clinical institutions in Europe. Results provide an overview of the most-used interventions for stress reduction within and outside of music. Data-analysis resulted in the further specification of therapeutic goals, intervention techniques, the use of musical instruments, and related therapeutic change factors. The main findings indicate that music therapists used little to no receptive (e.g., music listening) interventions for stress reduction, but preferred to use active interventions, which were mainly based on musical improvisation. Results show that three therapy goals for stress relief could be distinguished. The goal of “synchronizing” can be seen as a sub goal because it often precedes working on the other two goals of “tension release” or “direct relaxation,” which can also be seen as two ways of reaching stress reduction in adults with MID through music therapy interventions. Furthermore, the tempo and the dynamics of the music are considered as the most important musical components to reduce stress in adults with MID. Practical implications for stress-reducing music therapy interventions for adults with MID are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
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