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Tourism [Wadden Sea Quality Status Report]

The aim of this QSR 2022 on tourism is to make an attempt to assess available information about the tourism industry from three countries and various sources and present it in a comprehensive manner. We, thereby, describe common features of regional tourism structures, as well as differences, and we present some of the identified data incompatibilities (sections 2.2 and 2.3). The recommendations in section 3 present avenues along which data collection and monitoring can be improved, inspired by a set of key forces driving change intourism that stakeholders should be prepared for (section 2.4).

The role of the dyke in recreational activities along the Wadden Sea area in vicinity of Delfzijl (Groningen)

This research addresses the question on how Delfzijl can take advantage of the dykes referred to recreational activities within the next five years. In order to investigate this problem statement, the elaboration was started with the definition of research questions and secondary research. Here, brochures, websites, books and other researches were used to gather significant information about Delfzijl. Next, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in order to collect data and information about the different stakeholders, the current situation of the municipality and the expectations of the people concerning the future. Thus, a fieldtrip was done to interview stakeholders and to distribute questionnaires to the sample. Additionally, a benchmarking was done with the German city `Nessmersiel` in order to compare and discover development possibilities. The research outcome is that Delfzijl suffers from a decreasing population number, a low level of recreational attractiveness and lack of money. Many people claim that the dyke is a significant resource that should be used for recreational developments. Hereby, developments can be done on a small budget.

The Frisian dykes and their touristic and recreational offers

This report deals with the possibilities for touristic and recreational development on the Wadden Sea coast of the Dutch province of Friesland. The topic is approached against the background of possible dyke reinforcements which might become necessary in future years. The data on this topic were collected by conducting three interviews with stakeholders responsible for or influenced by these changes. In addition 70 questionnaires were handed out to respondents who are using the dykes for touristic or recreational purposes. Results of the research show that a complete reinforcement is not planned so far. Still, the people using the dykes have a certain demand for new developments in this field and are not completely satisfied with the current state. It also becomes clear that the possibilities for touristic improvements in the dyke area are limited in many ways. The protection is the main purpose of the dykes and interventions risking the safety are stopped by existing laws. Concluding it can be said that there is a potential for further touristic and recreational improvements in this area. Stakeholders and people using the dykes, all have a certain interest in new developments. Nevertheless, these changes can only be limited to small developments, building up on already existing tourist activities. Furthermore, stakeholders have to improve their cooperation in order to work towards a common goal.

Wetland eco-engineering with fine sediment

The research presented in this thesis has highlighted (bio)geochemical, hydrological, and wetland ecological processes that interact and enhance ecosystem development on wetlands built on fine sediment. A combination of greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted. Some measured data from these experiments formed important input for subsequent analysis in a modeling environment. The findings presented in Chapters 2-6 can be divided into four topics: 1) Plant–soil interactions in the terrestrial zone, 2) wetland–terrestrial processes influencing nutrient availability in the land–water zone, 3) effects of plants on sediment consolidation in the terrestrial zone, and 4) effects of bioturbation on nutrient availability in the aquatic zone. The next sections give a summary of the results for these four topics. The last section summarizes the recommendations formulated for the Marker Wadden project.

Climate Adaptation in Architectural Education

Badgasten in een werelderfgoed

Elk jaar bezoeken tussen de een en twee miljoen mensen het waddengebied. Het toerisme is daar uitgegroeid tot een van de belangrijkste economische activiteiten. In Nederland zijn vooral de eilanden een populaire vakantiebestemming. Fietsen, wandelen en strandbezoek zijn populaire activiteiten. De authentieke atmosfeer, het strand en het duinlandschapworden het meest gewaardeerd. De natuurwaarden van de Waddenzee spelen een minder grote rol, hoewel uit onderzoek blijkt dat er een zekere relatie bestaat tussen natuurervaringen en de plaatsgebondenheid van de toerist. In tegenstelling tot Duitsland komt het toerisme op de vastelandskust van Noord-Holland, Friesland en Groningen nauwelijks op gang en kan niet profiteren van de stroom bezoekers naar de Waddeneilanden. De recente aanwijzing van de Waddenzee tot werelderfgoed wordt over het algemeen gezien als een belangrijke stimulans voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme. InNederland blijkt de werelderfgoedstatus echter nog relatief onbekend te zijn. In tegenstelling tot het Duitse kustgebied wordt door ondernemers deze status niet of nauwelijks benut. Met de werelderfgoedstatus van de Waddenzee en de voorgenomen uitbreiding van het vliegveld Eelde als nieuwe uitdagingen zijn met behulp van scenarioplanning een aantal richtingen voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme in Noord-Nederland geïdentificeerd en uitgewerkt in 23 product-markt-partner-combinaties. Deze hebben het karakter van shortbreaks waarineen bezoek aan het waddengebied gekoppeld wordt aan andere highlights in Noord-Nederland