As the Dutch electric vehicle (EV) fleet continues to expand, so will the amount of charging sessions increase. This expanding demand for energy will add on to the already existing strain on the grid, primarily during peak hours on workdays in the early morning and evening. This growing energy demand requires new methods to handle the charging of EVs, to distribute the available energy in the most effective way. Therefore, a large number of ‘smart charging’ initiatives have recently been developed, whereby the charging session of the EV is based on the conditions of the energy grid. However, the term smart charging is used for a variety of smart charging initiatives, often involving different optimization strategies and charging processes. For most practitioners, as well as academics, it is hard to distinguish the large range of smart charging initiatives initiated in recent years, how they differentiate from each other and how they contribute to a smarter charging infrastructure. This paper has the objective to provide an overview of smart charging initiatives in the Netherlands and develop a categorization of smart charging initiatives regarding objectives, proposed measures and intended contributions. We will do so by looking at initiatives that focus on smart charging at a household level, investigating the smart charging possibilities for EV owners who either make use of a private or (semi-)public charging point. The different smart charging initiatives will be analyzed and explicated in combination with a literature study, focusing on the different optimization strategies and requirements to smart charge an electric vehicle.
Summary of the State-of-the-Art report for SEEV4city.
MULTIFILE
Journalists in the 21st century are expected to work for different platforms, gather online information, become multi‐media professionals, and learn how to deal with amateur contributions. The business model of gathering, producing and distributing news changed rapidly. Producing content is not enough; moderation and curation are at least as important when it comes to working for digital platforms. There is a growing pressure on news organizations to produce more inexpensive content for digital platforms, resulting in new models of low‐cost or even free content production. Aggregation, either by humans or machines ‘finding’ news and re‐publishing it, is gaining importance. At so‐called ‘content farms’ freelancers, part‐timers and amateurs produce articles that are expected to end up high in web searches. Apart from this low‐pay model a no‐pay model emerged were bloggers write for no compensation at all. At the Huffington Post thousands of bloggers actually work for free. Other websites use similar models, sometimes offering writers a fixed price depending on the number of clicks a page gets. We analyse the background, the consequences for journalists and journalism and the implications for online news organizations. We investigate aggregation services and content farms and no‐pay or low‐pay news websites that mainly use bloggers for input.
In dit project zullen de benodigde ontwikkelingen en praktijktests worden uitgevoerd om een nieuw type ‘hybride’ coöperatieve aggregator op te zetten voor het aggregeren van collectieve met lokale decentrale flexibiliteit en collectieve met lokale decentrale duurzame opwek, e.e.a. tussen en binnen twee energiegemeenschappen De projectpartners willen in dit pilotproject aantonen dat het mogelijk kan worden om vanuit een coöperatieve aggregator geautomatiseerd flexibiliteit ontsluiten bij de deelnemende prosumers en bedrijven in meerdere communities en naar meerdere markten in combinatie met een collectieve opwek-opslag faciliteit Activiteiten: Hanze zal zich richten op de techno-economische aspecten van portfoliomanagement, (sub)pooling en value stacking. Tevens zal Hanze gesprekken met de eindgebruikers faciliteren en voeren voor, tijdens en na het project voor een hogere slagingskans door een gestructureerde sociale inbedding onder (potentiële) deelnemers in de coöperatie.
