“Early warning signs of aggression” refers to recurring changes in behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, and feelings of the patient that are considered to be precursors of aggressive behavior. The early recognition of these signs offers possibilities for early intervention and prevention of aggressive behaviors in forensic patients. The Forensic Early warning Signs of Aggression Inventory (FESAI) was developed to assist nurses and patients in identifying and monitoring these early warning signs of aggression.
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Objective. To study the prevalence, nature and determinants of aggression among inpatients with acquired brain injury. Background. Patients with acquired brain injury often have difficulty in controlling their aggressive impulses. Design. A prospective observational study design. Methods. By means of the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised, the prevalence, nature and severity of aggressive behaviour of inpatients with acquired brain injury was assessed on a neuropsychiatric treatment ward with 45 beds. Additional data on patient-related variables were gathered from the patients’ files. Results. In total, 388 aggressive incidents were recorded over 17 weeks. Of a total of 57 patients included, 24 (42%) patients had engaged in aggressive behaviour on one or more occasions. A relatively small proportion of patients (n = 8; 14%) was found to be responsible for the majority of incidents (n = 332; 86%). The vast majority of aggression incidents (n = 270; 70%) were directly preceded by interactions between patients and nursing staff. In line with this, most incidents occurred at times of high contact intensity. Aggressive behaviour was associated with male gender, length of stay at the ward, legal status and hypoxia as the cause of brain injury. Conclusion. Aggression was found to be highly prevalent among inpatients with acquired brain injury. The results suggest that for the prevention of aggression on the ward, it may be highly effective to develop individually tailored interventions for the subgroup with serious aggression problems. Relevance to clinical practice. Insight into the frequency, nature and determinants of aggressive behaviour in inpatients with acquired brain injury provides nurses with tools for the prevention and treatment of aggressive behaviour.
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Anneke Menger zette samen met haar lectoraat de vraag who works? op de onderzoeksagenda. Daarmee voegt ze een nieuwe dimensie toe aan de discussie over effectiviteit. Niet alleen interventies zijn belangrijk, maar ook de werkers die ze uitvoeren
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Background: In the Netherlands, the distinction between Bachelor degree and diploma nursing educational levels remains unclear. The added value of Bachelor degree nurses and how they develop professionally after graduation are subject to debate. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate whether Bachelor degree nurses have higher critical thinking skills than diploma nurses do and whether there is a positive relationship between higher critical thinking skills and self-efficacy beliefs. Outcomes might provide instruments that are helpful in positioning of nursing levels in education and practice. Participants: Questionnaire data were used of a sample of 95 registered mental health staff nurses (62 diploma nurses and 33 Bachelor degree nurses). Methods: First, ANOVAwas performed to testwhether the two groupswere comparablewith respect to elements of work experience. Second, t-tests were conducted to compare the two groups of nurses on self-efficacy, perceived performance and critical thinking outcomes. Third, relationships between the study variables were investigated. Finally, structural equation modelling using AMOS was applied to test the relationships. Results: The hypothesis that Bachelor degree nurses are better critical thinkers than diploma nurseswas supported (pb0.01). Years in function turned out to be positively related to self-efficacy beliefs (pb0.01). No significant relation was found between the level of education and self-efficacy beliefs. Conclusions: The results of this study support career development and facilitate more efficient positioning of nursing levels.
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Background: Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, to use a measure like the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) in other than the original English-speaking contexts, cultural adaptation needs to be assured. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally translate and adapt the PEM-CY into German as it is used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods: Fifteen parents of children and adolescents with disabilities from three German speaking countries participated in three rounds of think-aloud interviews. We followed the procedure of cultural equivalence guidelines including two additional steps. Data was analyzed by content analysis using semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence. Results: Results show adaptations mainly focused on experiential and conceptual equivalence, with conceptual equivalence being the most challenging to reach. Examples of experiential equivalence included adapting the examples of activities in the PEM-CY to reflect those typical in German speaking countries. Conceptual equivalence mainly addressed aspects of “involvement” and “environment” of children and adolescents and was reached through adaptations such as enhanced instructions and structures, and additional definitions. Conclusions: This study presents a cross-cultural translation and adaptation process to develop a German version of the PEM-CY that is suitable for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Using a modified cultural adaptation process, a culturally adapted version of PEM-CY (German) is now available for research, practice and further validation.
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Background: Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, to use a measure like the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) in other than the original English-speaking contexts, cultural adaptation needs to be assured. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally translate and adapt the PEM-CY into German as it is used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods: Fifteen parents of children and adolescents with disabilities from three German speaking countries participated in three rounds of think-aloud interviews. We followed the procedure of cultural equivalence guidelines including two additional steps. Data was analyzed by content analysis using semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence. Results: Results show adaptations mainly focused on experiential and conceptual equivalence, with conceptual equivalence being the most challenging to reach. Examples of experiential equivalence included adapting the examples of activities in the PEM-CY to reflect those typical in German speaking countries. Conceptual equivalence mainly addressed aspects of “involvement” and “environment” of children and adolescents and was reached through adaptations such as enhanced instructions and structures, and additional definitions. Conclusions: This study presents a cross-cultural translation and adaptation process to develop a German version of the PEM-CY that is suitable for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Using a modified cultural adaptation process, a culturally adapted version of PEM-CY (German) is now available for research, practice and further validation.
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Naast straf, bescherming en afschrikking is een belangrijk doel van het plaatsen van jongeren in een justitiële jeugdinrichting (JJI) het stimuleren van gedragsverandering. Groepsleiders in een JJI zijn belangrijke actoren voor het op gang brengen van dit veranderingsproces. Zij brengen vele uren op een dag door in dezelfde ruimte met de jongeren. Ze eten met hen, sporten met hen en zijn actief in het bijbrengen van discipline en het aanleren van sociale vaardigheden. Juist doordat zij die diverse taken in de dagelijkse leefomgeving van de jongere vervullen, kunnen zij een grotere bijdrage leveren aan gedragsverandering dan gedragsdeskundigen die op afgebakende tijdstippen de jongeren individueel behandelen of trainen (Knorth, Harder, Huyghen, Kalverboer, & Zandberg, 2010; Moses, 2000).
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Hoe kun je controle en begeleiding op een goede manier combineren in een reclasseringstoezicht? Dat was de kern van veel vragen van reclasseringsprofessionals en één van de redenen voor de start van het onderzoeksprogramma Werkalliantie in het Gedwongen kader door Anneke Menger en Andrea Donker in 2009. In het vrijwillige kader wordt het concept en het belang van de werkalliantie al jaren breed erkend. Dit concept is echter niet zomaar toepasbaar voor het gedwongen kader. Er is sprake van een andere dynamiek in het gedwongen kader; cliënten worden verplicht een tijdelijke en doelgerichte interactie aan te gaan en er is sprake van (krachtige) vrijheidsbeperkende voorwaarden. Daarnaast is de aandacht in wetenschappelijk onderzoek in het justitiële domein jarenlang gericht op de What works-beginselen, gericht op werkzame methoden en interventies om recidive te voorkomen (Andrews & Bonta, 2010; McNeill, 2009). Andere factoren, zoals de kwaliteit van het contact tussen professional en cliënt en de houding en algemene kwaliteiten van de professional, krijgen daardoor minder aandacht. In het lectoraat van Anneke Menger en het onderzoeksprogramma wordt de nadruk gelegd op de Who works-beginselen, gericht op de effectiviteit van de reclasseringsprofessional.
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Deze bijdrage thematiseert het proces om mensen die door wat zich heeft voorgedaan in hun leven buiten de samenleving, onder toezicht van justitie zijn geplaatst, te ondersteunen weer burger te worden. Vaak is ons systeem van detinering, behandeling, reclassering en begeleiding, zo lijkt het, daar redelijk succesvol in. Veel mensen keren terug in de samenleving, al is dit voor een groot deel betrekkelijk onsuccesvol, getuige de hoge recidivepercentages18. Al jaren is de vraag hoe dit percentage terug te brengen is. Er is veel kennis beschikbaar over risicotaxatie en hoe te komen tot een plan van aanpak dat in potentie kans van slagen heeft. Maar de uitvoering is lang niet altijd succesvol19. Risicoarme rehabilitatie van forensische cliënten is complex. Dit komt door factoren aan de kant van de cliënt, zoals psychopathologie en een crimineel milieu, factoren in het forensisch systeem, zoals de competenties van de daar werkende professionals en de wijze waarop zorg en toezicht georganiseerd zijn, wet- en regelgeving en maatschappelijke factoren, zoals de moeite van de samenleving om mensen met een forensisch verleden weer te accepteren.
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Anneke is opgeleid aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen als andragoloog; de studie met als object het professioneel ingrijpen in het leven van volwassenen, en die gekenmerkt werd door veelzijdigheid en door praktijkgerichtheid. Over de andragologie kunnen boeken worden geschreven. Voor de schets van de eerste aanzet van wat later een rode draad in Annekes werk werd, volstaat de beschrijving van de ontwikkeling van het denken over de dubbele professionele opdracht van werkers ten tijde van de andragologie en kort daarna. In deze tekst zal ik dan ook zowel aandacht besteden aan de andragologie als aan de daarmee samenhangende ontwikkelingen in de praktijk.
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