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Happiness and limits to sustainable tourism mobility: a new conceptual model

Current leisure mobility patterns are not sustainable. Because energy efficiency measures appear insufficient to accommodate predicted future volume growth, changes in transportation modes and volume are needed. Short-haul should be the preferred distance, public transportation the preferred mode and length of stay should increase rather than trip frequency. However, tourists are unwilling to adopt these changes. This paper proposes a new conceptual "three-gear model" demonstrating how happiness, travel motivations and perception of distance set barriers for desirable behavioral change. The model improves understanding of the gap between awareness of, and attitudes to, tourism mobility and the gap between environmentally friendly everyday behaviors and unsustainable vacation behaviors. The paper shows that happiness is integral to all stages of the tourist experience. Understanding happiness enhances the understanding of tourist behavior, and how it drives, via the speed-distance-demand loop, the three-stage model presented here. Key practical implications include the need for effective policies to break the speed-distance-demand loop, changes to transport infrastructure policies, and recognition of the role of happiness in sustainable tourism strategies. Theoretical contributions include a synthesis of theories to interrogate key behavioral gaps and a theoretical basis for future empirical studies.

Guidelines for digital gap self-assessment [Deliverable 2.1]

Minimizing the knowledge-to-action gap; identification of interventions to change nurses' behavior regarding fall prevention

Background: The need for effective continuing education is especially high in in-hospital geriatric care, as older patients have a higher risk of complications, such as falls. It is important that nurses are able to prevent them. However, it remains unknown which interventions change the behavior of nurses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify intervention options to change the behavior of hospital nurses regarding fall prevention among older hospitalized patients. Methods: This study used a mixed method design. The Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) was used to identify intervention functions and policy categories to change the behavior of nurses regarding fall prevention. This study followed the eight steps of the BCW and two methods of data collection were used: five focus groups and three Delphi rounds. The focus groups were held with hospital nurses (n = 26). Geriatric experts (n = 11), managers (n = 13) and educators (n = 13) were included in the Delphi rounds. All data were collected within ten tertiary teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. All participants were included based on predefined in- and exclusion criteria and availability. Results: In Geriatric experts’ opinions interventions targeting behavior change of nurses regarding fall prevention should aim at ‘after-care’, ‘estimating fall risk’ and ‘providing information’. However, in nurses’ opinions it should target; ‘providing information’, ‘fall prevention’ and ‘multifactorial fall risk assessment’. Nurses experience a diversity of limitations relating to capability, opportunity and motivation to prevent fall incidents among older patients. Based on these limitations educational experts identified three intervention functions: Incentivisation, modelling and enablement. Managers selected the following policy categories; communication/marketing, regulation and environmental/social planning. Conclusions: The results of this study show there is a discrepancy in opinions of nurses, geriatric experts, managers and educators. Further insight in the role and collaboration of managers, educators and nurses is necessary for the development of education programs strengthening change at the workplace that enable excellence in nursing practice. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00598-z

Let's say goodbye

http://cts.som.surrey.ac.uk/publication/lets-say-goodbye-the-moralising-practices-of-gap-year-organisations-in-the-netherlands/wppa_open/Responding to the growing appeal of the gap year amongst young people, thehigher education sector, governmental institutions and, perhaps foremost, the tourismindustry are increasingly starting to realise the potential of promoting tourism as an arenawith moral status and codes, influencing society and individual lives in ‘new’, different andpowerful ways. Due to this burgeoning global and identifiable gap year industry, the networkof public and private organisations, support services, practices and beliefs has becomeincreasingly open to scrutiny. This paper aims to contribute to a new research agendaexploring the broader cultural influence of the gap year industry in the Netherlands through adiscourse analysis of online resources targeting young people. In particular, the paperexplores the moralising practices of gap year organisations involved in promoting,negotiating and regulating new moral values and meanings of, and through, tourism. Thepaper concludes with a critical impression of how these organisations claim to offer a moredistinctive way of reflection, and thereby contribute to negative and narrowed views on masstourism and, in all likelihood, a distorted sense of global citizenship amongst young people.

Bridging the KAP-gap in global education

This article reflects on the workshop Bridging the KAP-gap in global education, which was part of the DEEEP-conference Global Justice through Global Citizenship. The objective of the workshop was, to learn about strategies to bridge the KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) -gap and to gain ideas how to apply these strategies to participants’ own practices. The workshop turned into a slightly different direction and raised some fundamental questions: What could one expect of global education? Which others factors influence learners’ behaviour? To which manner does global education aim to change behaviour? Should global education aim to change behaviour? This article summarizes the outcomes of an evaluation which was done amongst alumni-students of the minor programme Global Development Issues of Fontys University of Applied Sciences and the main issues that were discussed during the workshop, also based on the integrated model of behavioural prediction. The article ends with some lessons learned, especially for the curriculumowners of the minor programme, who organised this workshop.

The awareness/attitude-gap in sustainable tourism: a theoretical perspective

This paper aims to explore the widely recognized awareness/attitude-gap in sustainable tourism and discuss a series of theoretical approaches on three levels: individual, interpersonal and community level theories. These theories are linked to existing studies on tourists' awareness/attitude and behavior in relation to climate change in order to assess which type of theory explains the gap best and which may be the most useful in bridging the gap. The paper argues that, although individual level theories offer the best explanation of the awareness/attitude-gap, community level theories may offer the best solution. The paper has important relevance for academic researchers who intend to study the awareness/attitude gap in a tourist setting.