Behavioral change of incarcerated boys is influenced by the alliance with the group workers who support them. This alliance is partly determined by the extent to which both the needs of group workers and boys are being fulfilled. The objective of this research was to explore the views of incarcerated boys regarding their relationship with group workers. Q methodology was used, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Respondents ranked statements on behavior and treatment of group workers. Analysis of these individual Q sortings resulted in four preferences: (A) anxious and willing, (B) rebellious and defensive, (C) autonomous and indifferent, (D) dependent and approachable. Results show that needs regarding interaction with group workers are diverse and ask for different approaches. The understanding and awareness of these preferences offers tools for establishing a working alliance and stimulate the boys’ readiness to change.
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Many children aged 9–12 appear to have low levels of fundamental movement skills (FMS). Physical education (PE) is important because PE-teachers can teach children a variety of FMS and can influence PE-motivation. However, declined levels of PE-motivation are reported in the final grades of elementary school. Therefore, more insight in the relations between PE-motivation and FMS is needed.Purposes: In the first phase, instruments to measure the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, classmate relatedness and teacher relatedness) and PE-motivation (autonomous and controlled) in 9–12-year-old children were developed and validated. The purpose of the second phase was to examine the influence of basic psychological needs on PE-motivation, the influence of PE-motivation on locomotor skills, object control skills and balance skills, and the direct influence of basic psychological needs on FMS for boys and girls aged 9–12.Participants and data collection: In the first phase, 172 children (82 boys, 90 girls, M = 10.72 years ± 0.77) filled out questionnaires assessing the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and motivation for PE. Forty-eight children completed the questionnaires again 4 weeks later. In the second phase, a total of 138 children (66 boys, 72 girls, 10.8 years ± .79) (three schools from phase 1 and one new school) participated. Children from the new school also completed the questionnaires and all children conducted the subtest for speed and agility, upper limb coordination and balance of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2.Data analysis: In phase 1, linear weighted Kappa's and the Mokken Scale Program for polychotomous items were used to test reliability and validity. In phase 2, Pearson's correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relations.Findings: Regarding phase 1, all subscales were reliable and the validity was considered moderate to strong except for the autonomy subscale, which was not reliable and valid. With respect to phase 2, all basic psychological needs, except autonomy among girls, had moderate to strong correlations with autonomous PE-motivation. Teacher relatedness was the most important predictor for boys and girls, while the second predictor was classmate relatedness for boys and competence for girls. No positive significant relations between basic psychological needs and FMS and between PE-motivation and FMS were found. In contrary, moderate but negative relations between teacher relatedness and balance skills and between autonomous PE-motivation and balance skills were found for boys.Conclusions: The results confirmed the importance of the basic psychological needs in the prediction of autonomous PE-motivation in 9–12-year-old children. Although all needs should be supported by the PE-teacher, it is important to be aware of the different impact of the needs on autonomous PE-motivation for boys and girls. Despite the missing relations with FMS, PE-teachers seem to be able to autonomously motivate children for PE regardless of their FMS proficiency.
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To examine the association of adolescents' snack and soft drink consumption with friendship group snack and soft drink consumption, availability of snacks and soft drinks at school, and personal characteristics, snack and soft drink consumption was assessed in 749 adolescents (398 girls, 351 boys, age 12.4 - 17.6 years), and their friends, and snack and soft drink availability at schools was measured. In regression analysis, consumption by friends, snack and soft drink availability within school, and personal characteristics (age, gender, education level, body mass index) were examined as determinants of snack and drink consumption. Snack and soft drink consumption was higher in boys, soft drink consumption was higher in lower educated adolescents, and snack consumption was higher in adolescents with a lower body weight. Peer group snack and soft drink consumption were associated with individual intake, particularly when availability in the canteen and vending machines was high. The association between individual and peer snack consumption was strong in boys, adolescents with a lower education level, and adolescents with lower body weights. Our study shows that individual snack and soft drink consumption is associated with specific combinations of consumption by peers, availability at school, and personal characteristics.
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Met een groeiende aandacht voor seksueel trauma en de verstrekkende gevolgen is ook duidelijk geworden dat seksueel misbruik, ook in de jeugd, vaker voor komt bij mensen met licht verstandelijke beperkingen (LVB; IQ 50-85) terwijl de signalering en begeleiding en behandeling bemoeilijkt wordt door de cognitieve problematiek. Zo kan het voor hen extra lastig zijn hun ervaringen te verwoorden, emoties een plaats te geven en herhaling te voorkomen. Denk hierbij aan vroegkinderlijk misbruik dat zich later doorzet in volwassenheid en bij mannen soms leidt tot daderschap maar ook aan bijvoorbeeld aan seksueel geweld of misbruik van minder begaafde jonge meisjes door contact met zogenaamde ‘loverboys’. Vanuit de instellingen verantwoordelijk voor de begeleiding van jongeren en volwassenen met LVB wordt aangegeven dat er behoefte is aan een aan de doelgroep aangepaste aanpak van seksueel trauma en daaruit voortvloeiende problematiek. Binnen de instelling zijn het de psychomotorisch therapeuten (PMT-ers) die meer ervaringsgerichte behandelingen aan kunnen bieden: door deze invalshoek en tevens hun deskundigheid ook waar het gaat om interventies gericht op lichamelijkheid en contact kunnen zij een belangrijke bijdrage leveren. Daarbij kan voorgebouwd worden op inzichten vanuit de diagnostiek en de bredere traumagerichte behandelingen ontwikkeld in de GGZ waarbij echter specifieke aanpassingen, gericht op de specifieke problematiek van de doelgroep noodzakelijk zijn. Doelstelling van dit project is het verwerven van nieuwe kennis op het gebied van psychomotorische diagnostiek en behandeling die ingezet kan worden bij problematiek door seksueel trauma bij mensen met een licht verstandelijke beperking (LVB). Hiermee beoogt het consortium een nieuw behandelaanbod (diagnostisch observatie-instrument en psychomotorische interventie) te ontwikkelen. De psychomotorisch therapeuten (PMT-ers) kunnen deze kennis inzetten in hun werk binnen de instellingen en via de onderzoekspartners in het project komt de kennis ten goede aan een breder werkveld en aan het onderwijs binnen en buiten de hogescholen.
