Ziekenhuissystemen zijn gebaseerd op kennis, opgedaan in onderzoeken van twintig jaar en langer geleden. De ziekenhuispopulatie was toen jonger en bestond uit minder kwetsbare patiënten en uit patiënten met kwalen waarvoor men tegenwoordig alleen nog poliklinisch wordt behandeld. Tegenwoordig liggen vooral zwaardere gevallen in het ziekenhuis en dat betreft heel vaak de kwetsbare ouderen.
LINK
De uitkomsten van het in 2008 gestarte onderzoek PREvention Decline in Older Cardiac Surgery patients (PREDOCS) waren positief. Daarom is in 2016 een implementatiestudie van start gegaan in twaalf hartoperatiecentra in Nederland. In dit artikel zetten de auteurs eerst uiteen wat dit programma ter voorbereiding van oudere patiënten op ziekenhuisopname inhoudt en vervolgens schetsen ze welke problemen er bij invoering overwonnen moeten worden.
DOCUMENT
Chest physical therapy (CPT) is a widely used intervention for patients with airway diseases. The main goal is to facilitate secretion transport and thereby decrease secretion retention in the airways. Historically, conventional CPT has consisted of a combination of forced expirations (directed cough or huff), postural drainage, percussion, and/or shaking. CPT improves mucus transport, but it is not entirely clear which groups of patients benefit from which CPT modalities. In general, the patients who benefit most from CPT are those with airways disease and objective signs of secretion retention (eg, persistent rhonchi or decreased breath sounds) or subjective signs of difficulty expectorating sputum, and with progression of disease that might be due to secretion retention (eg, recurrent exacerbations, infections, or a fast decline in pulmonary function). The most effective and important part of conventional CPT is directed cough. The other components of conventional CPT add little if any benefit and should not be used routinely. Alternative airway clearance modalities (eg, high-frequency chest wall compression, vibratory positive expiratory pressure, and exercise) are not proven to be more effective than conventional CPT and usually add little benefit to conventional CPT. Only if cough and huff are insufficiently effective should other CPT modalities be considered. The choice between the CPT alternatives mainly depends on patient preference and the individual patient's response to treatment.
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