ClimateCafé is a multi-, trans-, interdisciplinary and international event of several days in which young professionals, stakeholders and scientist come together to collect data and design (potential) solutions for climate change adaptation in rural or urban areas. ClimateCafé mainly aims to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability of communities by sharing knowledge, raising awareness and building capacity. ClimateCafé addresses global issues, such as climate change and sustainable development, on a local scale. In a ClimateCafé, context specific challenges, related to climate change and sustainable development, are proposed by local stakeholders and often relate to a specific problem area. Over the past decade, more than 28 ClimateCafés have been organised around the globe, including the Netherlands-Rotterdam, Sweden-Malmö, the Philippines-Manila, and Peru-Pirua. Since the first edition in Thailand (2012), ClimateCafé evolved in content and adopted a ‘learning by doing’ paradigm. Our results indicate ClimateCafé fosters integrated thinking across disciplines, cultures and knowledge sectors while reducing uncertainties affiliated with climate change adaptation. This is demonstrated by participants of previous ClimateCafés having various backgrounds including: law, civil engineering, water management, art, urban planning and environmental engineering. Furthermore, co-production is composed through workshops facilitated by stakeholders of the, so called, quadruple helix including academia, government, civic society and industry. Workshops make use of scientifically embedded methods, always related to the contextual challenge. For example, urban heat stress is measured by sensors on a bike and collecting urban green with online platform ClimateScan, community perceptions are collected through interviews, water quality is measured with the use of drones and perceptions and responsibilities of institutional actors are identified by interviews and field visits. Additionally, data is processed and design workshops facilitate integrated design of potential solutions which is disseminated through participants presenting their findings at conferences. Although ClimateCafé is resource intensive, requires active participation of stakeholders and currently mainly attracts students of affiliated universities, we argue this multi-, inter-, transdisciplinary and international knowledge exchange methodology fosters the innovation that is dearly needed to address global sustainability challenges and climate change adaptation.
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Malmö is well known within the field of urban hydrology, as the city was a pioneer in integrated water management (Stahre 2008). In 1998 the Augustenborg neighbourhood was refurbished due to its reoccurring problems with flooding anddamage caused by water (Niemczynowicz 1999). The project “Ekostaden” (Eco-city) included many initiatives implementing nature-based solutions (NBS), such as swales and rain gardens for infiltrating surface (storm) water into the ground (Climate Adapt 2016) (Figure 1). International stakeholders want to know if these NBS still function satisfactorily after 20 years and what we can learn from the “Augustenborg strategy” and apply in other parts of the world. To quote the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, “we learn from history that we do not learn from history.” Augustenborg is an ideal location to demonstratethe sustainability of NBS, test the functionality for infiltration of surface water in swales, map the build-up of potential toxic elements (PTE), and test the water quality after 20 years operation. This evaluation is done in 2019 with theinternational, participatory and multidisciplinary method ‘ClimateCafé and the results are presented at the international seminar Cities, rain and risk,June 2019 in Malmö (Boogaard et al. 2019). ClimateCafé is a field education concept involving different fields of science and practice for capacity building in climate change adaptation. Over 20 ClimateCafés have already been carriedout around the globe (Africa, Asia, Europe), where different tools and methods have been demonstrated to evaluate climate adaptation. The 25th edition of ClimateCafé took place in Malmö, Sweden, in June 2019 and focussed on the Eco-city of Augustenborg. The main research question - “Are the NBS in Augustenborg still functioning satisfactorily?”- was answered by interviews, collecting data of water quality, pollution, NBS and heat stress mapping, and measuring infiltration rates (Boogaard et al. 2020).
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ClimateCafé is a field education concept involving dierent fields of science and practice for capacity building in climate change adaptation. This concept is applied on the eco-city of Augustenborg in Malmö, Sweden, where Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) were implemented in 1998.ClimateCafé Malmö evaluated these NBS with 20 young professionals from nine nationalities and seven disciplines with a variety of practical tools. In two days, 175 NBS were mapped and categorised in Malmö. Results show that the selected green infrastructure have a satisfactory infiltration capacity and low values of potential toxic element pollutants after 20 years in operation. The question “Is capacity building achieved by interdisciplinary field experience related to climate change adaptation?” was answered by interviews, collecting data of water quality, pollution, NBS and heat stress mapping, and measuring infiltration rates, followed by discussion. The interdisciplinary workshops with practical tools provide a tangible value to the participants and are needed to advance sustainabilityeorts. Long term lessons learnt from Augustenborg will help stormwater managers within planning of NBS. Lessons learned from this ClimateCafé will improve capacity building on climate change adaptation in the future. This paper oers a method and results to prove the German philosopher Friedrich Hegel wrong when he opined that “we learn from history that we do not learn from history”
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In de wijk Augustenborg in Malmö zijn sinds de jaren ’90 met de bewoners veel klimaatadaptie- en leefbaarheidselementen aangelegd. Maar functioneert de wijk nog naar tevredenheid en wat valt ervan te leren? In een ClimateCafé is (het functioneren van) klimaatadaptieve maatregelen vastgelegd en gepresenteerd op het eindcongres van vier internationale projecten.
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Effects of climate change in cities are evident and are expected to increase in the future, demanding adaptation. In order to share knowledge, raise awareness and build capacity on climate adaptation, “ClimateCafés” have been utilized since 2012 in over 50 global events. ClimateCafé is a field education concept involving different fields of science for capacity building in climate adaptation depending on the specific needs of stakeholders. This chapter describes the need, method and results of two ClimateCafés performed in North America in 2022. In North America, there was a clear demand for proof of the long-term efficiency of small-scale urban nature-based solutions (NbS), since the hydraulic capacity of rain gardens and swales is often questioned in low permeable soils and high groundwater tables. The main research question in the ClimateCafés is: Which variation of the (un)saturated infiltration capacity can be expected under conditions with low permeable soil and high groundwater tables (under sea level)? To answer this research question, participative monitoring of NbS has taken place on swales and rain gardens implemented in New Orleans (under sea level) and Vancouver (bed rock). The ClimateCafés aimed at generating context-specific data on nature-based solutions by using open-source tools and cost-effective data collection techniques. The results of the workshops show that relevant, multidisciplinary data can be gathered in a short period of time with limited resources. As example, over 500 individual NbS projects are mapped in both cities from which a selection is made for field research with several stakeholders. The method of the conducted research consisted of a full-scale testing method, measuring the long-term infiltration capacity of rain gardens and swales installed in the last two decades. The results show a high variation of empty times for rain gardens and swales (26–300 mm/h) with fast decreasing infiltration capacity after saturation of the soil (second test showed a decrease in the order of 35%). The ClimateCafés stimulated accelerated climate action and support for national and international knowledge exchange in adaptation solutions for a climate resilient future. Besides raising awareness and capacity building, the evaluation of the outcomes of the ClimateCafés Vancouver and New Orleans lead to practical guidelines and cost-effective interventions to optimize the performance of existing NbS and a strategy for implementing optimized NbS in the near future.
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Effects of climate change in cities are evident and are expected to increase in the future, demanding adaptation. In order to share knowledge, raise awareness, and build capacity on climate adaptation, the first concept of a “ClimateCafé” has been utilized since 2012 in 25 events all over the world. In 8 years ClimateCafé grew into a field education concept involving different fields of science and practice for capacity building in climate change adaptation. This chapter describes the need, method, and results of ClimateCafés and provides tools for organizing a ClimateCafé in a context-specific case. Early ClimateCafés in the Philippines are compared with the ClimateCafé in Peru to elucidate the development of this movement, in which one of the participants of ClimateCafé Philippines 2016 became the co-organizer of ClimateCafé Peru in 2019. The described progress of ClimateCafés provides detailed information on the dynamic methodological aspects, holding different workshops. The workshops aim at generating context-specific data on climate adaptation by using tools and innovative data collection techniques addressing deep uncertainties that come with climate change adaptation. Results of the workshops show that context-specific, relevant, multidisciplinary data can be gathered in a short period of time with limited resources, which promotes the generation of ideas that can be used by local stakeholders in their local context. A ClimateCafé therefore stimulates accelerated climate action and support for adaptation solutions, from the international and the local, from the public and private sector, to ensure we learn from each other and work together for a climate resilient future. The methodology of ClimateCafé is still maturing and the evaluation of the ClimateCafés over time leads to improvements which are applied during upcoming ClimateCafés, giving a clear direction for further development of this methodology for knowledge exchange, capacity building, and bridging the gap between disciplines within climate adaptation.
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Veel gemeenten waterschappen vragen zich af of de klimaatadaptieve maatregelen die de laatste decennia op veel plaatsen zijn aangelegd, op lange termijn goed functioneren. Onderzoek in het Drents Overijsselse Delta gebied bij 5 gemeenten waaronder Raalte leer dat de infiltratiecapaciteiten van blauwgroene maatregelen sterk verschillen in ruimte en tijd, maar voldoende zijn om het water binnen enkele uren tot een dag te verwerken. Bij goed ontwerp, aanleg en beheer kunnen deze regenwatervoorzieningen een goede bijdrage leveren aan het vasthouden, bergen en afvoeren van regenwater in het stedelijk gebied
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Door klimaatverandering worden in stedelijke gebieden steeds vaker normen en/of acceptatiegrenzen voor neerslag, hitte en droogte overschreden. Gemeenten en waterschappen hebben de taak om te zorgen voor een klimaatbestendige inrichting. Daarbij is de samenwerking met bewoners voor hen essentieel. Om de stap naar uitvoering te kunnen maken hebben professionals van gemeenten en waterschappen behoefte aan inzicht in effecten op microniveau (straten/gebouwen), lokale ervaringen en beleving door burgers, en hoe burgers betrokken kunnen worden bij maatregelen. Eén van de manieren om samen te werken met burgers is door hen te betrekken bij het in kaart brengen van risico's en maatregelen: burgerwetenschap. Burgerwetenschap en in het bijzonder participatieve monitoring is een vakgebied dat sterk in opkomst is. Het is een methode waarbij onderzoekers, professionals en maatschappelijke actoren zoals vrijwilligers en bewoners samenwerken om in lokale projecten data te verzamelen en te duiden.
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