Dutch prevocational secondary schools are reforming their educational programmes to make them more competence-based. This reform has substantial implications for the roles played by teachers. Yet, little empirical research has been conducted on teachers' processes of competence development in vocational settings. This study explores teachers' individual action theories regarding the introduction of competence-based prevocational secondary education. The cognitive apprenticeship model provides a conceptual framework for addressing this issue. The research questions addressed here are: How do teachers value elements of the cognitive apprenticeship model in designing and delivering competence-based prevocational secondary education?, and, What individual action theories do teachers have regarding competence-based prevocational secondary education? The study was designed in two phases. In the qualitative phase, interviews and concept map techniques were used, while the quantitative phase employed a questionnaire. Teachers valued elements of the cognitive apprenticeship model differently, and suggested two additional features: a custommade educational approach and the professionalisation of teachers.
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Learning theories broadly characterised as constructivist, agree on the importance to learning of the environment, but differ on what exactly it is that constitutes this importance. Accordingly, they also differ on the educational consequences to be drawn from the theoretical perspective. Cognitive constructivism focuses on the active role of the learner, and on real-life learning. Social-learning theories, comprising the socio-historical, socio-cultural theories as well as the situated-learning and community-of-practice approaches, emphasise learning as being a process within and a product of the social context. Critical-learning theory stresses that this social context is a man-made construction, which should be approached critically and transformed in order to create a better world. We propose to view these different approaches as contributions to our understanding of the learning-environment relationship, and their educational impact as questions to be addressed to educational contexts.
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When the Netherlands developed a national system of vocational education at the end of the 19th century, it was a direct answer to obvious shortcomings in the technical and trade professions (De Jonge, 1968). It concentrated on training craftsmen for the traditional, mainly agrarian economy, and technicians for the new, industrial economy. The training being offered was closely related to actual professional practices. In the first place, there was a very stable occupational structure, in which professional knowledge and skills did not become obsolete quickly. This, in turn, made it possible that education was -and remained - up-to-date. Secondly, almost all teachers were also experienced craftsmen, who only started teaching after a long career. The teachers learned actual professional practices through direct experience. In addition, students were also frequently familiar with actual practice, because the occupational structure was so stable: they knew exactly for which profession they were being trained. A stable occupational structure, a clear occupational orientation by the students, and teachers with extensive firsthand work experience ensured that vocational education was a powerful learning environment. For this reason, a dual system had hardly any added value. A consequence is that the apprenticeship system in the Netherlands - as opposed to almost all surrounding countries - had a lower status and fewer students than full-time education (Teerling & Bijveld, 1982).
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In het vmbo zien we een toenemende interesse voor nieuwe activerende, motiverende en op competentieontwikkeling gerichte werkvormen. Deze ontwikkelingen hebben grote gevolgen voor de taken, rollen en competenties van docenten. Van hen wordt verwacht dat zij gezamenlijk met hun collega's nieuwe programma's en onderwijsarrangementen ontwerpen. Het is van belang docenten-in-opleiding, lerarenopleiders en onderzoekers bij dit proces te betrekken. Door sterkere relaties tot stand te brengen tussen Schoolontwikkeling, Opleiding van leraren, Onderwijskundig onderzoek en Professionele ontwikkeling van leraren (SOOP) kunnen individuele leerprocessen worden ingebed in en bijdragen aan collectieve leerprocessen. In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek dat vanuit een SOOP-perspectief is opgezet bij docenten die betrokken zijn bij het vormgeven van competentiegericht voorbereidend middelbaar beroepsonderwijs. Het Cognitive Apprenticeship Model (Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989) lijkt een goed kader te bieden voor het vormgeven van competentiegericht vmbo. We hebben onderzocht in hoeverre de praktijktheorieën van de betrokken docenten kunnen worden getypeerd met behulp van concepten en principes uit dit model. Daarnaast vroegen we ons af in hoeverre en op welke wijze zich daarbij een (eventuele) spanning tussen het door Sfard (1998) onderscheiden acquisitie- en participatieperspectief manifesteert. Uit de met behulp van concept maps, cued en semigestructureerde interviews verzamelde resultaten blijkt dat de vier dimensies van het Cognitive Apprenticeship Model een rol spelen in de praktijktheorieën, hoewel didactische maatregelen en sociologische aspecten van de leeromgeving duidelijk meer naar voren kwamen dan aandacht voor leerinhouden en opbouw van het onderwijsprogramma. Verder waren bij zes docenten passages te identificeren die duiden op een spanning tussen acquisitie en participatie, bij zeven docenten konden geen voorbeelden gevonden worden.
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This paper applies the actor-centered institutionalist theoretical framework to research into flexicurity strategies. The first part summarizes the actor-centered institutionalist framework, as developed by Renate Mayntz, Frits Scharpf and others. The second part illustrates how this framework can be used to sharpen both research questions and their hypothetical answers on the flexicurity research agenda. For illustrative purposes, this part focuses on the specific theme of the institutionalisation of markets for intermediate skills.
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This book is about markets for intermediate skills. It is also about the coordination within and between the (vocational) education system and the (sub-baccalaureate) labor market, and the institutions that govern them. Our goal was to improve our understanding of how particular governance regimes influence the operation of vocational education and training (VET) markets. We conducted an international comparison of three different governance regimes of VET markets in Germany, the Netherlands and the American state of Wisconsin. The central question underlying the national analyses and comparisons is: How do markets for intermediate skills operate in Germany, the Netherlands, and the American state of Wisconsin?
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Hoe kunnen de designers van de toekomst het beste worden opgeleid in het praktijkonderwijs? Hoe zorgt een bedrijf ervoor dat zij zichzelf de nodige mindset en vaardigheden aanleren? En welke mindset en vaardigheden hebben zij eigenlijk nodig?
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There are changes in society and labour market demands made to TVET and in the TVET system itself. To deal with both types of challenges, the aim for TVET planning and development is to anticipate how employment will evolve and to determine how to give individuals a knowledge base that will enable them to adapt to the changing demands and benefit from the mobility. Major research areas connected to relevant problem areas in the TVET planning and development process can be constituted by analysis of labour market developments and changes in learning contents, new insights into the development of skills, competences and expertise, integration of learning places in school and workplace, professional development of VET teachers and trainers and VET and organisational development in organisations.
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Bachelor students of Hotel Management School Maastricht, part of Zuyd University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands, start their educational program with a semester of orientation on Hotel Operations in theory and practice. The teaching staff was curious about students’ perception of what they learn during their duty in the Teaching Hotel Château Bethlehem. Students were interviewed about the learning environment, the coaching and their learning outcomes. The interview findings gave insight in different unexpected and subconscious learning outcomes together with the conditions under which they occur during practice-based learning. Findings were presented to the teaching staff during a work conference. The entire team emphasised the value of the research method for fine-tuning students’ learning outcomes.
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![Students’ perception of what they learn in Teaching Hotel Château Bethlehem [EuroChrie Conference (Cooperative Education and Research for Hospitality & Tourism Educators), Freiburg (D) 16-19 October 2013]](https://publinova-harvester-content-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/thumbnails/files/previews/pdf/20250506145450628637.f2d9c2e4-9091-488e-b5a5-8c74be3083f1-thumbnail-400x300.png)
