Big data analytics received much attention in the last decade and is viewed as one of the next most important strategic resources for organizations. Yet, the role of employees' data literacy seems to be neglected in current literature. The aim of this study is twofold: (1) it develops data literacy as an organization competency by identifying its dimensions and measurement, and (2) it examines the relationship between data literacy and governmental performance (internal and external). Using data from a survey of 120 Dutch governmental agencies, the proposed model was tested using PLS-SEM. The results empirically support the suggested theoretical framework and corresponding measurement instrument. The results partially support the relationship of data literacy with performance as a significant effect of data literacy on internal performance. However, counter-intuitively, this significant effect is not found in relation to external performance.
MULTIFILE
This open science checklist is for researchers, trainees and students to assist them in implementing open science in their research activities. The checklist is inspired by open science principles, the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, the REWARD movement and the replicability crisis. It consists of 14 items divided over individual phases of the research process, except items four and five that are more generally applicable. Per item we refer to the corresponding chapter in our Open Science Research Manual and to the corresponding REWARD pillar or article(s) in the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Some items focus more on quality aspects because sharing materials is most valuable if it is of high quality. Items concerning privacy and research ethics provide the boundary conditions for open science.
Intelligent technology in automotive has a disrupting impact on the way modern automobiles are being developed. New technology not only has brought complexity to already existing information in the car (digitization of driver instruments) but also brings new external information to the driver on how to optimize the driving style amongst others from the perspective of communicating with infrastructures (Vehicle to Infrastructure communication (V2I)). The amount of information that a driver has to process in modern vehicles is increasing rapidly due to the introduction of multiple displays and new external information sources. An information overload lies awaiting, yet current Human Machine Interface (HMI) designs and the corresponding legal frameworks lag behind. Currently, many initiatives (Pratijkproef Amsterdam, Concorda) are being developed with respect to V2I, amongst others with Rijkswaterstaat, North Holland and Brabant. In these initiatives, SME’s, like V-Tron, focus on the development of specific V2I hardware. Yet in the field of HMI’s these SME’s need universities (HAN University of Applied Science, Rhine Waal University of Applied Science) and industrial designers (Yellow Chess) to help them with design guidelines and concept HMI’s. We propose to develop first guidelines on possible new human-machine interfaces. Additionally, we will show the advantages of HMI’s that go further than current legal requirements. Therefore, this research will focus on design guidelines averting the information overload. We show two HMI’s that combine regular driver information with V2I information of a Green Light Optimized Speed Advise (GLOSA) use case. The HMI’s will be evaluated on a high level (focus groups and a small simulator study). The KIEM results in two publications. In a plenary meeting with experts, the guidelines and the limitations of current legal requirements will be discussed. The KIEM will lead to a new consortium to extend the research.
The integration of renewable energy resources, controllable devices and energy storage into electricity distribution grids requires Decentralized Energy Management to ensure a stable distribution process. This demands the full integration of information and communication technology into the control of distribution grids. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is used to communicate measurements and commands between individual components and the control server. In the future this control is especially needed at medium voltage and probably also at the low voltage. This leads to an increased connectivity and thereby makes the system more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. According to the research agenda NCSRA III, the energy domain is becoming a prime target for cyber-attacks, e.g., abusing control protocol vulnerabilities. Detection of such attacks in SCADA networks is challenging when only relying on existing network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Although these systems were designed specifically for SCADA, they do not necessarily detect malicious control commands sent in legitimate format. However, analyzing each command in the context of the physical system has the potential to reveal certain inconsistencies. We propose to use dedicated intrusion detection mechanisms, which are fundamentally different from existing techniques used in the Internet. Up to now distribution grids are monitored and controlled centrally, whereby measurements are taken at field stations and send to the control room, which then issues commands back to actuators. In future smart grids, communication with and remote control of field stations is required. Attackers, who gain access to the corresponding communication links to substations can intercept and even exchange commands, which would not be detected by central security mechanisms. We argue that centralized SCADA systems should be enhanced by a distributed intrusion-detection approach to meet the new security challenges. Recently, as a first step a process-aware monitoring approach has been proposed as an additional layer that can be applied directly at Remote Terminal Units (RTUs). However, this allows purely local consistency checks. Instead, we propose a distributed and integrated approach for process-aware monitoring, which includes knowledge about the grid topology and measurements from neighboring RTUs to detect malicious incoming commands. The proposed approach requires a near real-time model of the relevant physical process, direct and secure communication between adjacent RTUs, and synchronized sensor measurements in trustable real-time, labeled with accurate global time-stamps. We investigate, to which extend the grid topology can be integrated into the IDS, while maintaining near real-time performance. Based on topology information and efficient solving of power flow equation we aim to detect e.g. non-consistent voltage drops or the occurrence of over/under-voltage and -current. By this, centrally requested switching commands and transformer tap change commands can be checked on consistency and safety based on the current state of the physical system. The developed concepts are not only relevant to increase the security of the distribution grids but are also crucial to deal with future developments like e.g. the safe integration of microgrids in the distribution networks or the operation of decentralized heat or biogas networks.
With the help of sensors that made data collection and processing possible, many products around us have become “smarter”. The situation that our car, refrigerator, or umbrella communicating with us and each other is no longer a future scenario; it is increasingly a shared reality. There are good examples of such connectedness such as lifestyle monitoring of elderly persons or waste management in a smart city. Yet, many other smart products are designed just for the sake of embedding a chip in something without thinking through what kind of value they add everyday life. In other words, the design of these systems have mainly been driven by technology until now and little studies have been carried out on how the design of such systems helps citizens to improve or maintain the quality of their individual and collective lives. The CREATE-IT research center creates new solutions and methodologies in “digital design” that contribute to the quality of life of citizens. Correspondingly, this proposal focuses on one type of digital design—smart products—and investigate the concept of empowerment in relation to the design of smart products. In particular, the proposal aims to develop a model with its supplementary tools and methods for designing such products better. By following a research-through-design methodology, the proposal intends to offer a critical understanding on designing smart products. Along with its theoretical contribution, the proposal will also aid the students of ICT and design, and professionals such as designers and engineers to create smart products that will empower people and the industry to develop products grounded in a clear user experience and business model.
