After decades of rejection of direct applicability of Article 11 ICESCR, recognizing among other things the human right to food including water, a District Court in the Netherlands ruled in June 2008 that the provision can be invoked in a court of law. The decision was inspired by a presumed change of tides in politics, when the former Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs announced that the Netherlands joined the group of countries who recognize the right to water as a human right. In appeal, the decision did not hold, but no judgment was given on the question whether Article 11 ICESCR can indeed be invoked in the courts. There are however no indications that case aw is to be expected that supports the ruling of the District Court in favour of direct applicability of Article 11 ICESCR.
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Quantifying measures of physical loading has been an essential part of performance monitoring within elite able-bodied sport, facilitated through advancing innovative technology. In wheelchair court sports (WCS) the inter-individual variability of physical impairments in the athletes increases the necessity for accurate load and performance measurements, while at the same time standard load monitoring methods (e.g. heart-rate) often fail in this group and dedicated WCS performance measurement methods are scarce. The objective of this review was to provide practitioners and researchers with an overview and recommendations to underpin the selection of suitable technologies for a variety of load and performance monitoring purposes specific to WCS. This review explored the different technologies that have been used for load and performance monitoring in WCS. During structured field testing, magnetic switch based devices, optical encoders and laser systems have all been used to monitor linear aspects of performance. However, movement in WCS is multidirectional, hence accelerations, decelerations and rotational performance and their impact on physiological responses and determination of skill level, is also of interest. Subsequently both for structured field testing as well as match-play and training, inertial measurement units mounted on wheels and frame have emerged as an accurate and practical option for quantifying linear and non-linear movements. In conclusion, each method has its place in load and performance measurement, yet inertial sensors seem most versatile and accurate. However, to add context to load and performance metrics, position-based acquisition devices such as automated image-based processing or local positioning systems are required.
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The Kenyan supreme court recently struck down a government decision to ban the registration of an LGBTIQ+ community rights organisation, sparking new homophobic rhetoric in the country. Kenya is one of 32 African countries that criminalises homosexuality. Those who identify as part of the LGBTIQ+ community are often discriminated against, harassed and assaulted. Lise Woensdregt and Naomi van Stapele, who have researched queer experiences in Kenya for nine years, explain the impact of this ruling.
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The issue addressed by the project is the necessity to implement European coordinated approaches for the management of Waste from Electrical, Electronic Equipment (WEEE).WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU established for 2016 a minimum collection rate of 45% of all WEEE placed on the market in the preceding 3 years (in 2018, the EU rate was 47%), but from 2019 the rate rose to 56% (or 85% of the WEEE generated on the country).European Court of Auditors 2021 review “EU actions and existing challenges on electronic waste” point out that the collection, recycling and reuse of 3-waste are not equally effective in all Member States.Unfortunately, each country in the EU has decided a way to implement the Directive, which means 27 different implementations. In 2019, only Bulgaria, Croatia and Poland achieved the 65% target, while other countries such as Italy, Romania or Germany were at the bottom of EU list with 40%.WEEEWaste aims to implement better national, regional and local policies for management of WEEE, covering the main recommendations of the “Circular Electronics Initiative” from the EU Circular Economy AP.The final objective of WEEEWaste is to promote reuse, collection, recycling and other forms of recovery of WEEE, supporting thus the achievement of the WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU.Partners from 9 regions (Czechia, Italy, Germany, Spain, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Netherlands) will exchange practices in a discovery journey to modify their policies, focusing on: To improve the interregional coordination of municipalities an regions in order to fight more effectively against illegal shipment between areas and WEE dumping.
