Introduction: Few studies have examined the sales of stolen account credentials on darkweb markets. In this study, we tested how advertisement characteristics affect the popularity of illicit online advertisements offering account credentials. Unlike previous criminological research, we take a novel approach by assessing the applicability of knowledge on regular consumer behaviours instead of theories explaining offender behaviour.Methods: We scraped 1,565 unique advertisements offering credentials on a darkweb market. We used this panel data set to predict the simultaneous effects of the asking price, endorsement cues and title elements on advertisement popularity by estimating several hybrid panel data models.Results: Most of our findings disconfirm our hypotheses. Asking price did not affect advertisement popularity. Endorsement cues, including vendor reputation and cumulative sales and views, had mixed and negative relationships, respectively, with advertisement popularity.Discussion: Our results might suggest that account credentials are not simply regular products, but high-risk commodities that, paradoxically, become less attractive as they gain popularity. This study highlights the necessity of a deeper understanding of illicit online market dynamics to improve theories on illicit consumer behaviours and assist cybersecurity experts in disrupting criminal business models more effectively. We propose several avenues for future experimental research to gain further insights into these illicit processes.
Aims and objectives. The Forensic Early Warning Signs of Aggression Inventory (FESAI) was developed to assist nurses and patients in identifying early warning signs and constructing individual early detection plans (EDP) for the prevention of aggressive incidents. The aims of this research were as follows: First, to study the prevalence of early warning signs of aggression, measured with the FESAI, in a sample of forensic patients, and second, to explore whether there are any types of warning signs typical of diagnostic subgroups or offender subgroups. Background. Reconstructing patients’ changes in behaviour prior to aggressive incidents may contribute to identify early warning signs specific to the individual patient. The EDP comprises an early intervention strategy suggested by the patient and approved by the nurses. Implementation of EDP may enhance efficient risk assessment and management. Design. An explorative design was used to review existing records and to monitor frequencies of early warning signs. Methods. Early detection plans of 171 patients from two forensic hospital wards were examined. Frequency distributions were estimated by recording the early warning signs on the FESAI. Rank order correlation analyses were conducted to compare diagnostic subgroups and offender subgroups concerning types and frequencies of warning signs. Results. The FESAI categories with the highest frequency rank were the following: (1) anger, (2) social withdrawal, (3) superficial contact and (4) non-aggressive antisocial behaviour. There were no significant differences between subgroups of patients concerning the ranks of the four categories of early warning signs. Conclusion. The results suggest that the FESAI covers very well the wide variety of occurred warning signs reported in the EDPs. No group profiles of warning signs were found to be specific to diagnosis or offence type. Relevance to clinical practice. Applying the FESAI to develop individual EDPs appears to be a promising approach to enhance risk assessment and management.
Technological innovations enable rapid DNA analysis implementation possibilities. Concordantly, rapid DNA devices are being used in practice. However, the effects of implementing rapid DNA technologies in the crime scene investigation procedure have only been evaluated to a limited extent. In this study a field experiment was set up comparing 47 real crime scene cases following a rapid DNA analysis procedure outside of the laboratory (decentral), with 50 cases following the regular DNA analysis procedure at the forensic laboratory. The impact on duration of the investigative process, and on the quality of the analyzed trace results (97 blood and 38 saliva traces) was measured. The results of the study show that the duration of the investigation process has been significantly reduced in cases where the decentral rapid DNA procedure was deployed, compared to cases where the regular procedure was used. Most of the delay in the regular process lies in the procedural steps during the police investigation, not in the DNA analysis, which highlights the importance of an effective work process and having sufficient capacity available. This study also shows that rapid DNA techniques are less sensitive than regular DNA analysis equipment. The device used in this study was only to a limited extent suitable for the analysis of saliva traces secured at the crime scene and can mainly be used for the analysis of visible blood traces with an expected high DNA quantity of a single donor.
Nadat er een misdrijf heeft plaatsgevonden, doen forensisch onderzoekers van de Nationale Politie ter plekke onderzoek naar de toedracht van het incident. Hiertoe wordt gezocht en onderzoek verricht naar sporen op de plaats delict die aanwijzingen of antwoorden kunnen geven op de vragen: Wat is er gebeurd, hoe, en wie is hier verantwoordelijk voor? In dit onderzoeksvoorstel, DaVinciQD 2.0, gaan we onderzoek doen naar het dateren van biologische sporen, meer specifiek vingerafdrukken en bloedspatten. Voor forensisch onderzoek is het relevant om te bepalen of een aangetroffen vingerafdruk of bloedspoor afkomstig is van de dader. Maar het beantwoorden van de wie/wat vraag is in veel gevallen niet voldoende. Wat als de verdachte verklaart aanwezig te zijn geweest op de plaats-delict, maar niet ten tijde van het misdrijf, bijvoorbeeld omdat deze persoon daar woont of werkt? In dat geval wil je een antwoord op de hoe en wanneer-vraag: Wanneer is dit spoor aangebracht? Daarom is er vanuit de praktijk de dringende vraag naar een dateringsmethode die op de plaats-delict kan bepalen hoe oud een gevonden spoor is. HIermee wordt snel een antwoord verkregen, waarmee het forensische onderzoeksproces sneller en efficiënter kan worden uitgevoerd. De onderzoeksgroepen Applied Nanotechnology en Technologies for Criminal Investigations van Hogeschool Saxion, het Nederlands Forensisch Instituut, de Nationale Politie, Universiteit Twente, TU Delft en enkele private bedrijven willen gezamenlijk een methode ontwikkelen om met behulp van quantum dots de datering van biologische sporen op de plaats-delict mogelijk te maken. Deze nanometer-grote quantum dots zullen zodanig gefunctionaliseerd worden dat zij specifiek aan eiwitten in het spoor kunnen binden, om zo door middel van aanstralen met forensisch licht datering mogelijk te maken. De methode zal allereerst ontwikkeld en getest worden in het lab, om daarna ook in de praktijk van de forensische onderzoeker getest, gevalideerd en uitgeleerd te worden.
