Rationale: The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a multidimensional tool to assess malnutrition and risk factors. We aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original PG-SGA for the Thai setting and test its linguistic validity and intra-rater reliability in cancer patients.Methods: The Thai version of the PG-SGA was developed according to the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for the Patient Reported Outcomes by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). In 50 cancer patients and 50 healthcare professionals, linguistic validity of the Thai PG-SGA was assessed by Scale Comprehensibility Index (S-CI) and Scale Difficulty Index (S-DI) ), using a 4-point scale. Relevance was assessed in professionals only, by Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI). In addition, intra-rater reliability (test-retest within 72 hours of admission; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa (κ)) were assessed. Results: The Thai PG-SGA showed excellent comprehensibility (S-CI=0.99) and difficulty (S-DI=0.95) as perceived by patients. It also showed excellent comprehensibility (S-CI= 0.92) and borderline acceptable difficulty (S-DI=0.79) as perceived by professionals. Relevance of the Thai PG-SGA in assessing malnutrition was considered excellent (S-CVI=0.95). Agreement between numerical scores was good to excellent (ICC=0.95) and agreement between PG-SGA categories was very good (weighted κ=0.95).Conclusion: The Thai version of the PG-SGA was considered very easy to complete by patients. Professionals evaluated it as very comprehensible, relevant, and borderline acceptable in difficulty to complete. It is a reliable tool for assessment of malnutrition and risk factors in cancer patients.
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OBJECTIVE: Ever since Engel's Biopsychosocial Model (1977) emotions, thoughts, beliefs and behaviors are accepted as important factors of health. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ) assesses these beliefs. Aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Brief IPQ into the Brief IPQ Dutch Language Version (Brief IPQ-DLV), and to assess its face validity, content validity, reproducibility, and concurrent validity. METHODS: Beaton's guideline was used for cross-culturally adaptation. Face and content validity were assessed in 25 patients, 15 physiotherapists and 24 first-grade students. Reproducibility was established in 27 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using Cohen's kappa coefficient (K(w)) and the Smallest Detectable Change (SDC). Concurrent validity was assessed in 163 patients visiting 11 different physical therapists. RESULTS: The Brief IPQ-DLV is well understood by patients, health care professionals and first-grade students. Reliability at 1 week for the dimensions Consequences, Concern and Emotional response K(w)>0.70, for the dimensions Personal control, Treatment control, Identity, K(w)<0.70. A time interval of 3 weeks, reliability coefficients were lower for almost all dimensions. SDC was between 2.45 and 3.37 points for individual measurement purposes and between 0.47 and 0.57 points for group evaluative measurement purposes. Concurrent validity showed significant correlations (P<.05) for four out of eight illness perceptions (IPs) dimensions. CONCLUSION: The face and content properties were found to be acceptable. The reproducibility and concurrent validity needs further investigated
In cross-cultural communication and adjunct disciplines such as cross-cultural management and international business, there is a negativity bias of seeing cultural differences as a source of potential issues. The emergence of Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) questions this problem-focused approach. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion from neuroscience’s perspectives in several ways. Firstly, it provides a neurological look at this bias. Secondly, it proposes that the problem-focused approach may (1) give us a biased outlook of cross-cultural encounters rather than a reality, (2) hinder creativity, (3) lead to the rebound effect, and (4) turn belief into reality. Finally, based on insight from neuroscience and adopting the POS lens with the connection between POS and creativity, it’s recommended that future research takes three directions: (1) Using similarity as the starting point; (2) strategize body language, context and theories; and (3) develop a multicultural mind. In essence, the paper contributes to existing knowledge of the field by employing an interdisciplinary approach, aiming to gain a more holistic view, provoke thoughts, and trigger future empirical studies.
