This study systematically evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting practices of European airline groups, covering both mandatory and voluntary key performance indicators (KPIs) under evolving regulatory frameworks. By analysing annual and sustainability reports from 16 major airline groups, the research identifies significant progress in the reporting of core metrics, with Scope 1 CO2 totals reported by 94 % and emissions intensity by 88 %, reflecting growing regulatory alignment and stakeholder expectations. However, persistent gaps remain: Scope 2 and Scope 3 reporting appears in only 56 % and 50 % of cases, respectively, while non-CO2 emissions are disclosed by just 38 %, despite forthcoming European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) monitoring requirements. Reporting on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) life-cycle emissions is limited (19 %), and CO2 offsetting disclosures are rare (6 %), complicating verification of decarbonisation claims and readiness for ReFuelEU Aviation and Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The proliferation of voluntary KPI disclosures further complicates comparability due to a lack of standardization and clear definitions. These challenges are compounded by risks of greenwashing, where airlines selectively report favourable data such as emissions intensity, and greenhushing, where substantive achievements are under-communicated. The study concludes that while regulatory frameworks such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the EU ETS, CORSIA, and ReFuelEU are driving improvements, further harmonization and methodological clarity are required to ensure transparency, comparability, and genuine progress toward aviation's climate goals.
DOCUMENT
NECSTouR workshop and presentation for board of directors
DOCUMENT
Workpackage 8.1 of the IANOS project is dedicated to developing a community engagement strategy that can be applied in the use cases on the lighthouse islands (Ameland and Terceira) and the fellow islands (Lampedusa, Nisyros and Bora Bora). This report is the deliverable of WP8.1.Within this report an approach to designing a community engagement strategy is formulated that is rooted in scientific research and enriched by best practices from the light house islands and fellow islands.The report describes a general approach to designing a community engagement strategy, that consists of three parts. The first part is dedicated to assessing the situation and project that the community engagement strategy is dedicated to. It describes several factors that are rooted in literature on community engagement and psychological theories. Thesefactors should be assessed in order to be able to design an effective community engagement strategy. The results of this assessment will be used in the second part of the general approach, which describes a method for designing a community engagement strategy. This method is rooted in community engagement literature and draws heavily on some earlier EU projects. The method describes about ten items that together constitutethe strategy and that encompass all relevant issues that need to be addressed in designing community engagement. Finally, the third part of the general approach, describes the way the method and the assessment can be applied in a methodic and robust way. Although the general method is described as a theoretically based approach, it is substantiated not only by theoretical studies, but also by many reports on practical application of various community engagement efforts. In addition to that, all participantsfrom the islands have identified some best practices on community engagement from their own region and/or experience. These best practices are analysed according to the method of meta-analysis. The information from this meta-analysis is used to check the suitability of the general approach and leads to emphasizing those aspects of the approach that are identified as more important within the best practices.
MULTIFILE
DOCUMENT
MULTIFILE
Ending subsidies for fossil fuel heating systems from 2025, and phasing out gas boilers and other fossil fuel heaters by 2040. These are just two of the outcomes of a political agreement between the EU Council and the European Parliament, which was reached on December 7, 2023. Which measures were agreed upon, and what will the implications be for the heating sector?
MULTIFILE
In the Netherlands, energy cooperatives are increasingly active in the production of renewable energy. Many cooperatives have concrete plans to invest in energy projects, such as solar fields and wind turbines. Unfortunately, in the coming years there will hardly be any room for such projects in the electricity grid. In their quest to help solve this predicament, energy cooperatives develop new and innovative energy services, for example delivering grid services to distribution system operators (DSOs). However, in this endeavor they encounter legal as well as economic obstacles.
DOCUMENT
The decarbonisation of the aviation industry requires strict regulation to align with the EU Green Deal, which aims to make the EU the world’s first climate-neutral region by 2050. EU regulations continuously evolve and impact the key performance indicators (KPIs) used to measure progress towards this ambitious objective. Supported by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) programme, the AZERO project assesses airline reduction commitments to achieve net-zero carbon by 2050. It uses an interdisciplinary approach to map greenhouse gas (GHG) KPIs, evaluate actions taken, and simulate traffic scenarios to estimate feasibility using the System Dynamics method for the timeframes of 2030, 2040, and 2050. This advanced simulation method uses real airline emission data and environmental, social and governance (ESG) report commitments.
MULTIFILE
