Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is a technique which uses the influence of strong electric fields to manipulate the break-up of a liquid, pumped through a capillary nozzle, into droplets. In this work, an extended description of a specific high flow EHDA mode, known as the simple-jet mode, is presented. In it, a review of different works published about the mode is presented as well as results about the droplet population generated with varicose and whipping break-up using water as the atomized liquid. Additionally, experiments were conducted to investigate whether such atomization method could be used to improve the efficiency of droplet inair evaporation, using a single effect evaporation chamber coupled with a EHDA multinozzle system functioning as a shower head. The liquid used in these experiments was a solution of water and NaCl (35 g L−1) to simulate sea water average concentrations. The results have shown that, the manipulation of the droplet diameter, droplet size distribution and spray angle, provided by EHDA, could improve the droplet evaporation efficiency by up to 40% when combinedwith, e.g. forced convection and higher inlet temperatures.
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Professional higher education is expected to educate large numbers of students to become innovative professionals within a time frame of three or four years. A mission impossible? Not necessarily, according to Henriëtta Joosten who is a philosopher as well as a teacher. She uses the experimental, liberating, but also dangerous ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche to rethink contemporary higher professional education. What does it mean to teach students to strive for better in a professional world where horizons tend to disperse and the possibility of long-term orientation is disappearing? Following Nietzsche, five key elements of striving for better are explored: uncertainty, excellence, critical thinking, truth seeking friendship, and learning through ups and downs. From these five perspectives, Joosten scrutinises existing educational discourses on professional higher education in search for openings to transform these discourses into new, more appropriate ones. Understanding excellence as rising above oneself (rather than being better than others), she argues for a learning environment in which all students are encouraged to excel. Such an environment allows for uncertainty and learning through ups and downs. Furthermore, teachers are prepared to risk their certainties in order to let a joined quest - that is, a quest of students and teacher - for better truths arise. Using the Nietzschean-inspired notions which have been developed in the study, Joosten describes two factual cases. One case relates to a course in close reading: first-year students jointly read philosophical and scientific texts. The second case involves a group of eleven senior students developing a course in project management. These descriptions and the recommendations serve as a catalyst for constructive debate on the question of how all students can be equipped for a dynamic professional world.
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Tomato varieties used at present for commercial production in Dutch glasshouses have a high density of glandular trichomes on the stem, but a very low density on the leaves. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, usually disperse from leaf to leaf via the stem, thereby incurring high risks of entrapment (and death) in the exudate of the glandular trichomes. These risks have been quantified on the tomato cv. 'Turbo' and an accession of Lycopersicon peruvianum almost free of glandular trichomes. The possible consequences for biological control are discussed and new perspectives for predator release strategies and for plant breeding are considered. © 1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
This project is to investigate Circular Calcium Carbonate (CCC) that is produced by pyrolysis from paper waste in an innovative process developed by the company Alucha Management B.V. (Alucha) located in Arnhem. Although there is a need to use circular materials in rubber formulations it has not yet been proven that the replacement of mined white fillers (e.g. Kaolin, Calcium Carbonate) by CCC in rubber applications is possible without a significant impact on the processing properties and part performance. The scope of this project is to investigate the use of Circular Calcium Carbonate (CCC) in various rubber formulations and articles made thereof.
The Water Framework Directive imposes challenges regarding the environmental risk of plastic pollution. The quantification, qualification, monitoring, and risk assessment of nanoplastics and small microplastic (<20 µm) is crucial. Environmental nano- and micro-plastics (NMPs) are highly diverse, accounting for this diversity poses a big challenge in developing a comprehensive understanding of NMPs detection, quantification, fate, and risks. Two major issues currently limit progress within this field: (a) validation and broadening the current analytical tools (b) uncertainty with respect to NMPs occurrence and behaviour at small scales (< 20 micron). Tracking NMPs in environmental systems is currently limited to micron size plastics due to the size detection limit of the available analytical techniques. There are currently no methods that can detect nanoplastics in real environmental systems. A major bottleneck is the incompatibility between commercially available NMPs and those generated from plastic fragments degradation in the environment. To track nanoplastics in environmental and biological systems, some research groups synthesized metal-doped nanoplastics, often limited to one polymer type and using high concentrations of surfactants, rendering these synthesized nanoplastics to not be representative of nanoplatics found in real environment. NanoManu proposes using Electrohydrodynamic Atomization to generate metal doped NMPs of different polymers types, sizes, and shapes, which will be representative of the real environmental nanoplastics. The synthesized nanoplastics will be used as model particles in environmental studies. The synthesized nanoplastics will be characterized and tested using different analytical methods, e.g., SEM-EDX, TEX, GCpyrMS, FFF, µFTIR and SP-ICP-MS. NanoManu is a first and critical step towards generating a comprehensive state-of-the-art analytical and environmental knowledge on the environmental fate and risks of nanoplastics. This knowledge impacts current risk assessment tools, efficient interventions to limit emissions and adequate regulations related to NMPs.
