Hoe meer data er beschikbaar komt, des te meer de beslissing verbeterd kan worden. Hoe beter (slimmer) de beslissing wordt gemaakt, des te meer waarde de beslissing heeft voor uw organisatie. Dit wordt het data-netwerk-effect genoemd. Vaak wordt het data-netwerk-effect gerealiseerd door het gebruik van data van onbewuste data-donoren. In dit artikel wordt een ander soort data-donor belicht: de bewuste data-donor.
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This article investigates the phenomenon of rebound effects in relation to a transition to a Circular Economy (CE) through qualitative inquiry. The aim is to gain insights in manifestations of rebound effects by studying the Dutch textile industry as it transitions to a circular system, and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies that can be applied to ensure an effective transition. The rebound effect, known originally from the energy efficiency literature, occurs when improvements in efficiency or other technological innovations fail to deliver on their environmental promise due to (behavioral) economic mechanisms. The presence of rebound in CE contexts can therefore lead to the structural overstatement of environmental benefits of certain innovations, which can influence reaching emission targets and the preference order of recycling. In this research, the CE rebound effect is investigated in the Dutch textile industry, which is identified as being vulnerable to rebound, yet with a positive potential to avoid it. The main findings include the very low awareness of this effect amongst key stakeholders, and the identification of specific and general instances of rebound effects in the investigated industry. In addition, the relation of these effects to Circular Business Models and CE strategies are investigated, and placed in a larger context in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the place and role of this effect in the transition. This concerns the necessity for a new approach to how design has been practiced traditionally, and the need to place transitional developments in a systems perspective. Propositions that serve as theory-building blocks are put forward and include suggestions for further research and recommendations about dealing with rebound effects and shaping an eco-effective transition. Thomas Siderius, Kim Poldner, Reconsidering the Circular Economy Rebound effect: Propositions from a case study of the Dutch Circular Textile Valley, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 293, 2021, 125996, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125996.
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We designed a wine recommendation robot and deployed it in a small supermarket. In a study aimed to evaluate our design we found that people with no intent to buy wine were interacting with the robot rather than the intended audience of wine-buying customers. Behavioural data, moreover, suggests a very different evaluation of the robot than the surveys that were completed. We also found that groups were interacting more with the robot than individuals, a finding that has been reported more often in the literature. All of these findings taken together suggest that a novelty effect may have been at play. It also suggests that field studies should take this effect more seriously. The main contribution of our work is in identifying and proposing a set of indicators and thresholds that can be used to identify that a novelty effect is present. We argue that it is important to focus more on measuring attitudes towards robots that may explain behaviour due to novelty effects. Our findings also suggest research should focus more on verifying whether real user needs are met.
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Introduction: Midwifery education that strengthens self-efficacy can support student midwives in their role as advocates for a physiological approach to childbirth. Methods: To assess the effect of an educational intervention on self-efficacy, a pre- and post-intervention survey was administered to a control group and an intervention group of third year student midwives. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was supplemented with midwifery-related self-efficacy questions related to behaviour in home and hospital settings, the communication of evidence, and ability to challenge practice. Results: Student midwives exposed to midwifery education designed to strengthen self-efficacy demonstrated significantly higher levels of general self-efficacy (p = .001) when contrasted to a control cohort. These students also showed significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in advocating for physiological childbirth (p = .029). There was a non-significant increase in self-efficacy in the hospital setting in the intervention group, a finding that suggests that education may ameliorate the effect of hospital settings on midwifery practice. Discussion: In spite of the small size of the study population, education that focuses on strengthening student midwife self-efficacy shows promise.
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Accumulating evidence suggests that spoken word production requires different amounts of top-down control depending on the prevailing circumstances. For example, during Stroop-like tasks, the interference in response time (RT) is typically larger following congruent trials than following incongruent trials. This effect is called the Gratton effect, and has been taken to reflect top-down control adjustments based on the previous trial type. Such control adjustments have been studied extensively in Stroop and Eriksen flanker tasks (mostly using manual responses), but not in the picture–word interference (PWI) task, which is a workhorse of language production research. In one of the few studies of the Gratton effect in PWI, Van Maanen and Van Rijn (2010) examined the effect in picture naming RTs during dual-task performance. Based on PWI effect differences between dual-task conditions, they argued that the functional locus of the PWI effect differs between post-congruent trials (i.e., locus in perceptual and conceptual encoding) and post-incongruent trials (i.e., locus in word planning). However, the dual-task procedure may have contaminated the results. We therefore performed an electroencephalography (EEG) study on the Gratton effect in a regular PWI task. We observed a PWI effect in the RTs, in the N400 component of the event-related brain potentials, and in the midfrontal theta power, regardless of the previous trial type. Moreover, the RTs, N400, and theta power reflected the Gratton effect. These results provide evidence that the PWI effect arises at the word planning stage following both congruent and incongruent trials, while the amount of top-down control changes depending on the previous trial type.
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KEY MESSAGE: • Statistical significance testing alone is not the most adequate manner to evaluate if there is indeed a clinically relevant effect • Effect sizes should be added to significance testing • Effect sizes facilitate the decision whether a clinically relevant effect is found, helps determining the sample size for future studies, and facilitates comparison between scientific studies
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Blue spaces in cities are often regarded as adaptation measures that effectively reduce urban heat. Therefore, urban professionals like to integrate blue infrastructures in climate resilient designs. However, several studies indicated that the cooling effect of small water bodies is often small or absent. This poster will inform about the actual cooling potential of small blue spaces such as rivers, ponds, canals and fountains. Simulation results from the REALCOOL project will be complemented with measurements and questionnaire surveys from other studies and relevant scientific literature to illustrate the negligible cooling impact of small blue spaces for climate resilient urban design.
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Artikel over het bedrijventerrein Werkspoorkwartier in Utrecht dat ‘circulair herontwikkeld’ wordt. Wat is dat en welk effect dat op het gebied heeft, blijkt lastig in kaart te brengen, merken onderzoekers van de Universiteit Utrecht en Hogeschool Utrecht. (bron: https://www.gebiedsontwikkeling.nu/artikelen/hoe-meet-je-het-effect-van-een-circulaire-herontwikkeling)
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The dynamic inflow effect describes the unsteady aerodynamic response to fast changes in rotor loading due to the inertia of the wake. Fast changes in turbine loading due to pitch actuation or rotor speed transients lead to load overshoots. The phenomenon is suspected to be also relevant for gust situations; however, this was never shown, and thus the actual load response is also unknown. The paper’s objectives are to prove and explain the dynamic inflow effect due to gusts, and compare and subsequently improve a typical dynamic inflow engineering model to the measurements. An active grid is used to impress a 1.8m diameter model turbine with rotor uniform gusts of the wind tunnel flow. The influence attributed to the dynamic inflow effect is isolated from the comparison of two experimental cases. Firstly, dynamic measurements of loads and radially resolved axial velocities in the rotor plane during a gust situation are performed. Secondly, corresponding quantities are linearly interpolated for the gust wind speed from lookup tables with steady operational points. Furthermore,simulations with a typical blade element momentum code and a higher-fidelity free-vortex wake model are performed. Both the experiment and higher-fidelity model show a dynamic inflow effect due to gusts in the loads and axial velocities. An amplification of induced velocities causes reduced load amplitudes. Consequently, fatigue loading would be lower. This amplification originates from wake inertia. It is influenced by the coherent gust pushed through the rotor like a turbulent box. The wake is superimposed on that coherent gust box, and thus the inertia of the wake and consequently also the flow in the rotor plane is affected. Contemporary dynamic inflow models inherently assume a constant wind velocity. They filter the induced velocity and thus cannot predict the observed amplification of the induced velocity. The commonly used Øye engineering model predicts increased gust load amplitudes and thus higher fatigue loads. With an extra filter term on the quasi-steady wind velocity, the qualitative behaviour observed experimentally and numerically can be caught. In conclusion, these new experimental findings on dynamic inflow due to gusts and improvements to the Øye model enable improvements in wind turbine design by less conservative fatigue loads.
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Vegetables have low taste intensities, which might contribute to low acceptance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of taste (sweetness, sourness, bitterness, umami, and saltiness) and fattiness enhancement on consumer acceptance of cucumber and green capsicum purees. Three concentrations of sugar, citric acid, caffeine, mono-sodium glutamate, NaCl, and sunflower oil were added to pureed cucumber and green capsicum. Subjects (n = 66,35.6 ± 17.7 y) rated taste and fattiness intensity. Different subjects (n = 100, 33.2 ± 16.5 years) evaluated acceptance of all pureed vegetables. Taste intensities of vegetable purees were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the three tastant concentrations except for umami in both vegetable purees, sourness in green capsicum puree, and fattiness in cucumber puree. Only enhancement of sweetness significantly (P < 0.05) increased acceptance of both vegetable purees compared to unmodified purees. In cucumber purees, relatively small amounts of added sucrose (2%) increased acceptance already significantly, whereas in green capsicum acceptance increased significantly only with addition of 5% sucrose. Enhancement of other taste modalities did not significantly increase acceptance of both vegetable purees. Enhancing saltiness and bitterness significantly decreased acceptance of both vegetable purees. We conclude that the effect of taste enhancement on acceptance of vegetable purees differs between tastants and depends on tastant concentration and vegetable type. With the exception of sweetness, taste enhancement of taste modalities such as sourness, bitterness, umami, and saltiness was insufficient to increase acceptance of vegetable purees. We suggest that more complex taste, flavor, or texture modifications are required to enhance acceptance of vegetables.
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