Within the Flexnode Plus project the long-term degradation characteristics of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer (5.5 kW, AC, 1 Nm3/h H2) and fuel cell (1.0 kW, DC, 0.9 Nm3/h) was experimentally tested. The electrolyzer unit was operated at various loads and pressures for approximately 750 hours in total, while the fuel cell was operated at a constant load of 1 Ω resistance for approximately 1120 hours in total. The efficiency of the hydrogen production in the electrolyzer and the electricity production in the fuel cell was expressed using the hourly average system efficiency and average cell efficiency. Inorder to predict the state of health and remaining lifetime of the electrolyzer cell and fuel cell, the decay of the cell voltage over time was monitored and the direct mapping from aging data method was used.The electrolyzer cell showed a stable cell voltage and cell efficiency in the studied time period, with an average cell voltage decay rate of 0.5 μV/h. The average cell voltage of the fuel cell dropped with a rate of 2 μV/h during the studied time period.
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TheUniversity of Twente, SaxionUniversityofAppliedSciences, ROCofTwente(vocationaleducation), centre of expertise TechYourFuture and the H2Hub Twente, in which various regional hydrogen interested corporations are involved, work together to shape a learning community (LC) for the development of innovative hydrogen technology. The cooperation between company employees, researchers and students provides a means to jointly work on solutions for real-life problems within the energy transition. This involves a cross-chain collaboration of technical programs, professorships and (field) experts, supported by human capital specialists. In the LC, a decentralized hydrogen production unit with storage of green hydrogen is designed and built. The main question for this research is: how can the design and construction process of an alkaline electrolyzer be arranged in a challenge based LC in which students, company employees (specialists) and researchers from the three educational institutions can learn, innovate, build-up knowledge and benefit? In this project the concept of a LC is developed and implemented in collaboration with companies and knowledge institutions at different levels. The concrete steps are described below: 1. Joint session between Human Resource and Development (HRD) specialists and engineers/researchers to explore the important factors for a LC. The results of this session will be incorporated into a blueprint for the LC by the human capital specialists. 2. The project is carried out according to the agreements of the blueprint. The blueprint is continuously updated based on the periodic reflections and observed points for improvement. 3. Impact interviews and periodic reflection review the proceeding of the LC in this engineering process. The first impact interview reveals that the concept of the LC is very beneficial for companies. It increases overall knowledge on hydrogen systems, promotes cooperation and connection with other companies and aids to their market proposition as well. Students get the opportunity to work in close contact with multiple company professionals and build up a network of their own. Also the cooperation with students from different disciplines broadens their view as a professional, something which is difficult to achieve in a mono-disciplinary project.
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This report focuses on the feasibility of the power-to-ammonia concept. Power-to-ammonia uses produced excess renewable electricity to electrolyze water, and then to react the obtained hydrogen with nitrogen, which is obtained through air separation, to produce ammonia. This process may be used as a “balancing load” to consume excess electricity on the grid and maintain grid stability. The product, ammonia, plays the role of a chemical storage option for excess renewable energy. This excess energy in the form of ammonia can be stored for long periods of time using mature technologies and an existing global infrastructure, and can further be used either as a fuel or a chemical commodity. Ammonia has a higher energy density than hydrogen; it is easier to store and transport than hydrogen, and it is much easier to liquefy than methane, and offers an energy chain with low carbon emissions.The objective of this study is to analyze technical, institutional and economic aspects of power-to-ammonia and the usage of ammonia as a flexible energy carrier.
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Belangrijke uitdagingen binnen de energietransitie zijn de beschikbaarheid van waterstof uit duurzame energiebronnen als alternatief voor fossiele brandstoffen en het voorkomen van congestie op het elektriciteitsnet door toenemende vraag naar en aanbod van elektriciteit. Decentrale productie, opslag en toepassing van waterstof biedt voor beide uitdagingen een oplossing, maar om dit te realiseren zijn innovaties en kennisontwikkeling nodig. In dit RAAK MKB project willen bedrijven en kennisinstellingen als partners van het groeiende netwerk rondom waterstof innovatiecentrum H2Hub Twente, expertise ontwikkelen voor realisatie van decentrale elektrolyse systemen. De betrokken bedrijven zijn zich aan het ontwikkelen om systeemoplossingen voor de markt van decentrale elektrolyse aan te kunnen bieden, maar hebben nog stappen te maken in de benodigde expertise hiervoor. De kloof die de bedrijven in dit project willen overbruggen: van theoretisch inzicht en expertise op deelaspecten naar expertise om goed werkende systemen te kunnen realiseren en begrip krijgen van mogelijkheden voor verbeteringen en innovaties. Om die reden wordt het project vorm gegeven rondom de ontwikkeling en bouw van een prototype elektrolyse systeem dat wordt geïntegreerd met de duurzame energievoorziening van H2Hub Twente. De ontwikkeling van elektrolyse systemen (maar ook toepassingen van waterstof) vraagt om expertise op alle opleidingsniveaus die nog weinig beschikbaar is. Door de energietransitie neemt de vraag naar deze expertise sterk toe. De kennisinstellingen zijn partner binnen de SPRONG “decentrale waterstof” en zij willen met dit project via praktijkgericht onderzoek expertise binnen de betrokken onderzoekgroepen verder opbouwen. Belangrijk hierin is het leerproces structuur en borging te geven waardoor dit kan doorwerken binnen het onderwijs richting studenten en bedrijfsmedewerkers. De resultaten van dit project worden gedeeld met het netwerk maar ook via bijeenkomsten van de topsector energie en lectorenplatform LEVE. De impact van dit project: expertiseopbouw voor realisatie van decentrale waterstofsystemen als stimulans voor regionale bedrijfsontwikkeling én energietransitie!
This Professional Doctorate (PD) research focuses on optimizing the intermittency of CO₂-free hydrogen production using Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) electrolysis. The project addresses challenges arising from fluctuating renewable energy inputs, which impact system efficiency, degradation, and overall cost-effectiveness. The study aims to develop innovative control strategies and system optimizations to mitigate efficiency losses and extend the electrolyzer lifespan. By integrating dynamic modeling, lab-scale testing at HAN University’s H2Lab, and real-world validation with industry partners (Fluidwell and HyET E-Trol), the project seeks to enhance electrolyzer performance under intermittent conditions. Key areas of investigation include minimizing start-up and shutdown losses, reducing degradation effects, and optimizing power allocation for improved economic viability. Beyond technological advancements, the research contributes to workforce development by integrating new knowledge into educational programs, bridging the gap between research, industry, and education. It supports the broader transition to a CO₂-free energy system by ensuring professionals are equipped with the necessary skills. Aligned with national and European sustainability goals, the project promotes decentralized hydrogen production and strengthens the link between academia and industry. Through a combination of theoretical modeling, experimental validation, and industrial collaboration, this research aims to lower the cost of green hydrogen and accelerate its large-scale adoption.