Understanding how experiences unfold requires measuring participants' emotions, especially as they move from location to location. Measuring and mapping emotions over space is technically challenging, however. While a number of technologies to record and spatially resolve emotion data exist, they have not been systematically compared. We present emotion data collected at a natural and military heritage site in the Netherlands using three different methods, namely retrospective self report, experience reconstruction, and physiology. These data are applied to three corresponding mapping methods. The resulting maps lead to divergent findings, demonstrating that spatial mapping of emotion data accentuates differences between distinct dimensions of emotions.
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Understanding how experiences unfold requires measuring participants' emotions, especially as they move from location to location. Measuring and mapping emotions over space is technically challenging, however. While a number of technologies to record and spatially resolve emotion data exist, they have not been systematically compared. We present emotion data collected at a natural and military heritage site in the Netherlands using three different methods, namely retrospective self report, experience reconstruction, and physiology. These data are applied to three corresponding mapping methods. The resulting maps lead to divergent findings, demonstrating that spatial mapping of emotion data accentuates differences between distinct dimensions of emotions.
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Background The Self-Expression Emotion Regulation in Art Therapy Scale (SERATS) was developed as art therapy lacked outcome measures that could be used to monitor the specific effects of art therapy. Although the SERATS showed good psychometric properties in earlier studies, it lacked convergent validity and thus construct validity. Method To test the convergent validity of the SERATS correlation was examined with the EES (Emotional Expressivity Scale), Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities Scale (ERS-ACA) and Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS). Patients diagnosed with a Personality Disorder, and thus having self-regulation and emotion regulation problems (n = 179) and a healthy student population (n = 53) completed the questionnaires (N = 232). Results The SERATS showed a high reliability and convergent validity in relation to the ERS-ACA approach strategies and self-development strategies in both patients and students and the HUMS healthy scale, in patients. Hence, what the SERATS measures is highly associated with emotion regulation strategies like acceptance, reappraisal, discharge and problem solving and with improving a sense of self including self-identity, increased self-esteem and improved agency as well as the healthy side of art making. Respondents rated the SERATS as relatively easy to complete compared to the other questionnaires. Conclusion The SERATS is a valid, useful and user-friendly tool for monitoring the effect of art therapy that is indicative of making art in a healthy way that serves positive emotion regulation and self-development.
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Introduction: Depression can be a serious problem in young adult students. There is a need to implement and monitor prevention interventions for these students. Emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy (EIMT) was developed to prevent depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of EIMT for use in practice for young adult students with depressive symptoms in a university context. Method: A process evaluation was conducted embedded in a larger research project. Eleven students, three music therapists and five referrers were interviewed. The music therapists also completed evaluation forms. Data were collected concerning client attendance, treatment integrity, musical components used to synchronise, and experiences with EIMT and referral. Results: Client attendance (90%) and treatment integrity were evaluated to be sufficient (therapist adherence 83%; competence 84%). The music therapists used mostly rhythm to synchronise (38 of 99 times). The students and music therapists reported that EIMT and its elements evoked changes in all emotion regulation components. The students reported that synchronisation elicited meaningful experiences of expressing joy, feeling heard, feeling joy and bodily responses of relaxation. The music therapists found the manual useful for applying EIMT. The student counsellors experienced EIMT as an appropriate way to support students due to its preventive character. Discussion: EIMT appears to be a feasible means of evoking changes in emotion regulation components in young adult students with depressive symptoms in a university context. More studies are needed to create a more nuanced and evidence-based understanding of the feasibility of EIMT, processes of change and treatment integrity.
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It is commonly assumed that TV commercials successfully influence affective tourism destination image by coupling positive emotions to a destination. In this study we record emotional responses to destination pictures before and after viewing a destination TV commercial from participants’ brains using electroencephalography (EEG). A control group of participants watched the same destination pictures, and an unrelated TV commercial. Emotion-related event-related potential (ERP) components, the P2 and LPP, were derived from the EEG. For the participants that watched the destination TV commercial, the P2 and the LPP were larger in response to destination pictures after compared to before having watched the TV commercial. This effect was not observed in the control group. In a behavioral version of the same experiment, we did not observe any effects in the self-report data. It is concluded that ERP methodology is a useful tool to complement the toolbox of tourism marketing researchers
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Background Emotional eating is a complex problem fostering obesity and resulting from maladaptive emotionregulation. Traditional behavioural weight loss interventions have shown insignificant effect. They can be improvedby targeting the specific needs of individuals with emotional eating.Objective The current study explored a tailored online approach with the aim to positively influence affect (positiveand negative) and emotion regulation by applying one of three exercises: body scan, opposite action, and positivereappraisal.Design An embedded mixed‑method design (questionnaire data (t0, t1, t2) and perceived usefulness of exercisesin t2) was used to evaluate the effects of a two‑week online quasi‑experimental pilot study.Subjects/setting In total, 80 participants with self‑reported emotional eating difficulties (DEBQ‑E; Memo = 3.48,SD = .64, range 1.62–4.92) finished baseline measurements; 15 completed the intervention. The study sample was pre‑dominantly female (95%), from 18 till 66 (Mage = 38,0 ± SD = 14.25).Results Participants reported that the exercises helped them to pay attention to their physical sensations, and to see positive aspects in negative matters. The exercises were considered difficult by the participants, with too littleexplanation, and dull, due to minor variation. The observed changes revealed small, and moreover, not significant improvements of the three exercises on positive and negative affect and overall emotion dysregulation. Although the quantitative results did not reach significance, the qualitative data highlighted which aspects of the tailored exer‑cises may have contributed to mood and emotion regulation outcomes. A notable observation in the present studyis the substantial dropout rate, with the number of participants decreasing from 80 at baseline (T0) to 15 at the post‑intervention stage (T2).Conclusions Future studies should identify tailored online exercises in emotion regulation skills in more detailand explore the contexts in which they are most effective in a personalized virtual coach virtual coach to be devel‑oped for individuals with emotional eating. Given the high dropout rate, more emphasis should be given to a properpresentation of the exercises, as well as more explanation of their usefulness and how to perform them.
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Depression is a highly prevalent and seriously impairing disorder. Evidence suggests that music therapy can decrease depression, though the music therapy that is offered is often not clearly described in studies. The purpose of this study was to develop an improvisational music therapy intervention based on insights from theory, evidence and clinical practice for young adults with depressive symptoms. The Intervention Mapping method was used and resulted in (1) a model to explain how emotion dysregulation may affect depressive symptoms using the Component Process Model (CPM) as a theoretical framework; (2) a model to clarify as to how improvisational music therapy may change depressive symptoms using synchronisation and emotional resonance; (3) a prototype Emotion-regulating Improvisational Music Therapy for Preventing Depressive symptoms (EIMT-PD); (4) a ten-session improvisational music therapy manual aimed at improving emotion regulation and reducing depressive symptoms; (5) a program implementation plan; and (6) a summary of a multiple baseline study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness and principles of EIMT-PD. EIMT-PD, using synchronisation and emotional resonance may be a promising music therapy to improve emotion regulation and, in line with our expectations, reduce depressive symptoms. More research is needed to assess its effectiveness and principles.
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Many affective experiences and learning processes including attachment patterns from early developmental phases manifest during psychotherapy. The first 15 min in art therapy can potentially reveal clients’ preferred ways of processing information or Expressive Therapies Continuum components, attachment patterns in the material handling process, and emotion regulation strategies during art making. This article discusses how, through clients’ choice of materials and manner of interaction with those materials, information about attachment patterns and preferred emotion regulation is available in art therapy. Paying close attention to the first image and material interaction provides crucial information that will guide the goals and course of art therapy. Two case vignettes demonstrate that within the first 15 min of art therapy information is readily gathered about attachment styles, Expressive Therapies Continuum components, emotion regulation, and the course of art therapy.
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