Business model innovations emerge over time and are influenced by managerial interaction with stakeholders. Especially with regard to business model innovation for sustainability, manager-stakeholder interaction can radically change a company’s business model and underlying logic. However, the majority of the literature shows how manager–stakeholder interaction may limit business model innovation when stakeholders reinforce existing managerial cognitions. In this chapter we study how stakeholders can also stimulate business model innovation by affecting managerial cognitive change. Through three case studies, we find that this can occur through three shaping processes: market approach shaping, product/service offering shaping, and credibility shaping. We also find that the impact of new or latent stakeholders is greater than that of existing stakeholders. We end the chapter by sketching a research agenda to further unravel the role of stakeholders affecting managerial cognition around business model innovation for sustainability.
Background: On two Care Innovation Units in the Netherlands, staff, students and Lecturer Practitioners work intensively together to provide care, create a rich learning environment, and to foster innovation and research. In striving to advance the quality of care and to develop person centred cultures a preference is given to participative forms of research in which diverse experiences and different types of knowledge are valued. Aims and Objectives: The research described here had two overarching aims: the improvement of practice situations and the encouragement of the integration of work and learning. This article focuses on our actions and learning with respect to fostering participation during this project. Design and methods: Within the action research methodology used, participative work-forms and research methods were chosen. For example, a responsive approach to evaluation of practice, use of narratives and the stimulation and use of creativity to help in exploring and sharing feelings, values and different forms of knowledge. In this article we use Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation to frame our reflection on enabling participation within this project. Results Participation took various forms and vacillated throughout the project. In addition to particular facilitation strategies, four factors emerged as influential in enabling or inhibiting aspects of participation among stakeholders: individual motivations and interests, the make-up of and atmosphere within the group, and the time made available to engage in research activities. Conclusions Participation in research is both more complex and dynamic than Arnstein's typology suggests. Moving 'up' the ladder may not be appropriate as a goal in and of itself. Instead, meeting and responding to each other's situations, as stakeholders, seems a more appropriate focus. Taking responsibility, as facilitator, for certain research activities, can free other participants to focus on elements which interest them and from which they derive satisfaction.
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Purpose: Using the global financial crisis as a critical event and based on institutional theory and stakeholder theory, this paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The question is how stakeholders can influence corporate responses to societal change by using their position in the governance structure. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on a historical analysis of data collected mainly between 2002 and 2004. The historical perspective enables an understanding of the response of the company to environmental changes. Findings: The approach enables researchers to relate the normative component of CSR to specific governance mechanisms. These governance mechanisms are specified in direct and indirect influence pathways. Historical data shed light on how, in the upbeat of the crisis, stakeholders have influenced the principles and policies of the ING Group, a Dutch financial company. Research limitations/implications: The paper suggests that stakeholders influence principles – normative assumptions that guide corporate decisions – mainly in dialogue-based meetings (direct influence pathways). Companies are made accountable in indirect influence pathways such as regulations. The author also demonstrates that a historical approach enables an understanding of long-term historical developments and the linking of corporate policies to the normative assumptions of stakeholders. Practical implications: If stakeholders wish to assess the social responsibility of a company, then they should assess the governance structure in relation to the principles and policies. The power structure within a company and that within the institutional framework in which the company operates (the governance system) strongly influences how a company executes its social responsibilities. Social implications: The paper demonstrates how stakeholders can use the governance structure to influence a bank. If society – or a specific group in society – wants banks to play a different role, this paper points to what could be the levers of change in the governance system and the governance structure. Originality/value: Insights into the complex relationship between corporate governance and the processes in which the social responsibilities of a company are developed.
The pace of technology advancements continues to accelerate, and impacts the nature of systems solutions along with significant effects on involved stakeholders and society. Design and engineering practices with tools and perspectives, need therefore to evolve in accordance to the developments that complex, sociotechnical innovation challenges pose. There is a need for engineers and designers that can utilize fitting methods and tools to fulfill the role of a changemaker. Recognized successful practices include interdisciplinary methods that allow for effective and better contextualized participatory design approaches. However, preliminary research identified challenges in understanding what makes a specific method effective and successfully contextualized in practice, and what key competences are needed for involved designers and engineers to understand and adopt these interdisciplinary methods. In this proposal, case study research is proposed with practitioners to gain insight into what are the key enabling factors for effective interdisciplinary participatory design methods and tools in the specific context of sociotechnical innovation. The involved companies are operating at the intersection between design, technology and societal impact, employing experts who can be considered changemakers, since they are in the lead of creative processes that bring together diverse groups of stakeholders in the process of sociotechnical innovation. A methodology will be developed to capture best practices and understand what makes the deployed methods effective. This methodology and a set of design guidelines for effective interdisciplinary participatory design will be delivered. In turn this will serve as a starting point for a larger design science research project, in which an educational toolkit for effective participatory design for socio-technical innovation will be designed.
Building Blocks for Liveable Neighbourhoods. Four suburbs in the province of Noord-Brabant are case-studies for a new method of urban development. Participation and scenario's are the starting point. The tools for local stakeholders to (literally) shape their own future environment are the end result.Societal issue: Gap between the plannend world and the daily life in city neighbourhoods. People are eager to take responsibility for their living environment but have no tools or knowledge to do it.Benefit to society: The method developed in this design research project enables the different stakeholders to connect, align and be effective in shaping their common future living environment.
Dit project richt zich op het in kaart brengen van de rol van servicedesignbureaus in het versnellen van de transformaties die nodig zijn om de problemen in Nederlandse stedelijke kernen aan te pakken. De creatieve industrie is bij uitstek in staat oplossingen voor stedelijke kernen te ontwikkelen en in dit project onderzoeken hoe zij met Key Enabling Methodologies bezoekersbelevingen in steden kunnen orkestreren en ontwerpen. Zij ondersteunen hierbij niet alleen individuele retail- en cultuurorganisaties in hun functie, maar dragen daarbij ook bij aan het oplossen van meer algemene problematiek van stedelijke kernen, zoals leegstand en verminderde leefbaarheid. We richten ons in het bijzonder op: 1) De rol van servicedesign in de orkestratie en vormgeven van een gezamenlijke bezoekersbeleving van cultuur- en retailorganisaties om de kwaliteit en leefbaarheid van stedelijke gebieden en de noodzakelijke innovatie te realiseren. 2) Verkennen en uitwerken van passende sleutelmethodologieën (KEM’s) om deze orkestratie en vormgeving en samen met stakeholders (in het bijzonder retail en cultuur) uit te voeren. 3) Opbouwen van het consortium voor een SIA-RAAK-aanvraag. Dit project levert een set van ontwerpeisen om servicedesignbureaus optimaal in staat te stellen de gezamenlijke orkestratie van de bezoekersbeleving van cultuur- en retailinstellingen vorm te geven. Tegelijkertijd brengt het project in kaart hoe een innovatie-ecosysteem waarin cultuur en retail samenwerken met servicedesignbureaus gestructureerd kan zijn. Dit project vormt de opmaat naar een SIA-RAAK-aanvraag met dezelfde of vergelijkbare stakeholders. De deliverables van het project zijn: 1. Visualisatie en rapport met overzicht van KEM’s en de toegevoegde waarde. 2. Visueel overzicht verschillende soorten stakeholders, belangen en posities in het winkelgebied voor een drietal binnenstedelijke gebieden. 3. Visualisatie van het orkestratie proces en de benodigde KEM’S 4. Toolkit cultuur/retail: methodieken en tools voor samenwerking cultuur en retail in winkelgebied 5. Verslag van kick-off en vraagarticulatieproces 6. Concept RAAK-aanvraag 7. Blog op platformdenieuwewinkelstraat.nl
