Het recreatieve gebruik van lachgas heeft de laatste jaren een grote vlucht genomen. Hoewel incidenteel lachgasgebruik nauwelijks gezondheidsschade geeft, kan langdurig of excessief lachgasgebruik tot neurologische schade leiden. Het viel Amsterdamse zorgcentra en behandelaren op dat met name jonge Marokkaanse en Turkse Nederlanders in stadsdeel Amsterdam Nieuw-West zich meldden met neurologische symptomen, waaronder ernstige verlammingsverschijnselen na problematisch lachgasgebruik. Middels interviews met dertien jonge Marokkaans-Nederlandse gebruikers (19-28 jaar) worden de determinanten van hun problematisch lachgasgebruik belicht, inclusief de relatief lage medisch-psychische zorgvraag bij deze groep gebruikers. Van hen waren zeven jongeren (poly-)klinisch in behandeling voor hun problematische gebruik. De overige zes jongeren waren niet in behandeling, maar gebruikten wel ten minste elke week lachgas.Uit de interviews blijkt dat lachgas wordt gebruikt uit verveling en om psychosociale stress en negatieve gedachten te onderdrukken. Lachgas lijkt een panacee dat verlichting biedt. Andere motieven zijn depressie, discriminatie en conflicten met vrienden of ouders. Door de (taboe)cultuur rond middelengebruik, het wantrouwen, schaamte en machocultuur bij deze groep gebruikers bereikt de hulpverlening pas laat de Marokkaans-Nederlandse problematische lachgasgebruiker. De conclusie is dat het aanbeveling verdient om influencers in te zetten bij campagnes, gericht op de risico’s en behandeling van fors lachgasgebruik. Ook het ‘jongerenwerk’ kan een belangrijke rol spelen in het motiveren van sociaal geïsoleerde gebruikers om medisch-psychische hulp te zoeken.
Forensic psychiatric inpatients are frequently exposed to aggression from fellow patients during their treatment, but research on how this impacts patients’ well-being and treatment progress is lacking. In this study, we interviewed nine patients on their experiences of victimization during mandatory psychiatric treatment. The interviews were analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach combined with elements from Consensual Qualitative Research and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three main themes emerged from the data, namely situational descriptives, intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences. Patients were not only exposed to both physical violence and verbal aggression by other patients, but also to a more ubiquitous flow of micro- aggressive comments. Options to escape these situations were limited. This means that victimization processes, which for most patients started much earlier in life, continue during forensic psychiatric treatment. Intrapersonal consequences include fear, hypervigilance, reactive aggression, flashbacks and avoidance and withdrawal. Interpersonal consequences include increased power differences between patients and adverse treatment consequences, such as difficulties with self-esteem. Victimization processes are not always timely noticed in an environment that focuses on risks and treatment of delinquent behavior. A higher level of trauma sensitivity in forensic mental health care is thus required. Recommendations for the implementation of trauma informed care are provided.
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-Chatbots are being used at an increasing rate, for instance, for simple Q&A conversations, flight reservations, online shopping and news aggregation. However, users expect to be served as effective and reliable as they were with human-based systems and are unforgiving once the system fails to understand them, engage them or show them human empathy. This problem is more prominent when the technology is used in domains such as health care, where empathy and the ability to give emotional support are most essential during interaction with the person. Empathy, however, is a unique human skill, and conversational agents such as chatbots cannot yet express empathy in nuanced ways to account for its complex nature and quality. This project focuses on designing emotionally supportive conversational agents within the mental health domain. We take a user-centered co-creation approach to focus on the mental health problems of sexual assault victims. This group is chosen specifically, because of the high rate of the sexual assault incidents and its lifetime destructive effects on the victim and the fact that although early intervention and treatment is necessary to prevent future mental health problems, these incidents largely go unreported due to the stigma attached to sexual assault. On the other hand, research shows that people feel more comfortable talking to chatbots about intimate topics since they feel no fear of judgment. We think an emotionally supportive and empathic chatbot specifically designed to encourage self-disclosure among sexual assault victims could help those who remain silent in fear of negative evaluation and empower them to process their experience better and take the necessary steps towards treatment early on.
