Battery energy storage (BES) can provide many grid services, such as power flow management to reduce distribution grid overloading. It is desirable to minimise BES storage capacities to reduce investment costs. However, it is not always clear how battery sizing is affected by battery siting and power flow simultaneity (PFS). This paper describes a method to compare the battery capacity required to provide grid services for different battery siting configurations and variable PFSs. The method was implemented by modelling a standard test grid with artificial power flow patterns and different battery siting configurations. The storage capacity of each configuration was minimised to determine how these variables affect the minimum storage capacity required to maintain power flows below a given threshold. In this case, a battery located at the transformer required 10–20% more capacity than a battery located centrally on the grid, or several batteries distributed throughout the grid, depending on PFS. The differences in capacity requirements were largely attributed to the ability of a BES configuration to mitigate network losses. The method presented in this paper can be used to compare BES capacity requirements for different battery siting configurations, power flow patterns, grid services, and grid characteristics.
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Background: Experiencing flow, an optimal psychological state, can support health and well-being. A developmental perspective on flow so far examines strategies to facilitate these experiences in the face of developmental losses such as ageing. People with disabilities experience restrictions in participation and thus fewer occupations that potentially induce flow. Therefore, contributions to this perspective can be gained from disabled people’s experiences. Thus, this meta-study synthesises qualitative research literature to determine the contribution to a developmental perspective on flow in people with disabilities. Methods: Following a systematic search of four databases (PsycInfo (EBSCO), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus) 10 qualitative, peer-reviewed studies were included, and critically appraised. Findings as well as methodologies, and underlying theories were analysed and synthesised. Findings: Various methodologies have been used to explore flow experiences of people with disabilities. Incongruencies between underlying theories and chosen methods, as well as lack of researcher reflexivity impacted the trustworthiness of some studies. All studies originated within occupational therapy research and were located in the global North, implying assumptions about occupation and well-being and a rehabilitation framework. The individuals’ choice and control, and adaptations of environment and occupation emerged from the meta-synthesis as important factors to experiencing flow. Conclusion: To enhance opportunities for flow in the lives of people with disabilities, a shift of perspective from individual impairments towards issues of accessibility and occupational justice is needed. Based on this meta-study, critical disability theory and participatory frameworks are recommended for future research to explore strategies to enhance access to flow inducing occupations.
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This work reports the fabrication of a titanium carbide nanoparticle-based inkjet printed flexible bidirectional flow sensor. The design of the flow sensor consists of an inkjet printed titanium carbide piezoresistive strain gauge on a polyester cantilever. The sensors demonstrated a normalized flow sensitivity of 1.043/(ms-1) in the velocity range 0.15 - 0.55 m/s (for water flow). The fabrication method reported in this work potentially opens a new direction for fabrication of a class of robust, repeatable, and inexpensive flexible flow sensors.
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This paper presents the design of the offshore energy simulation CEL as a flow network, and its integration in the MSP Challenge 2050 simulation game platform. This platform is designed to aid learning about the key characteristics and complexity of marine or maritime spatial planning (MSP). The addition of CEL to this platform greatly AIDS MSP authorities in learning about and planning for offshore energy production, a highly topical and big development in human activities at sea. Rather than a standard flow network, CEL incorporates three additions to accommodate for the specificities of energy grids: an additional node for each team's expected energy, a split of each node representing an object into input and output parts to include the node's capacity, and bidirectional edges for all cables to enable more complex energy grid designs. Implemented with Dinic's algorithm it takes less than 30ms for the simulation to run for the average amount of grids included in an MSP Challenge 2050 game session. In this manner CEL enables MSP authorities and their energy stakeholders to use MSP Challenge 2050 for designing and testing more comprehensive offshore energy grids.
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To better control the growing process of horticulture plants greenhouse growers need an automated way to efficiently and effectively find where diseases are spreading.The HiPerGreen project has done research in using an autonomous quadcopter for this scouting. In order for the quadcopter to be able to scout autonomously accurate location data is needed. Several different methods of obtaining location data have been investigated in prior research. In this research a relative sensor based on optical flow is looked into as a method of stabilizing an absolute measurement based on trilateration. For the optical flow sensor a novel block matching algorithm was developed. Simulated testing showed that Kalman Filter based sensor fusion of both measurements worked to reduce the standard deviation of the absolute measurement from 30 cm to less than 1 cm, while drift due to dead-reckoning was reduced to a maximum of 11 cm from over 36 cm.
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Already for some decades lateral flow assays (LFAs) are ‘common use’ devices in our daily life. Also, for forensic use LFAs are developed, such as for the analysis of illicit drugs and DNA, but also for the detection of explosives and body fluid identification. Despite their advantages, including ease-of-use, LFAs are not yet frequently applied at a crime scene. This review describes (academic) developments of LFAs for forensic applications, focusing on biological and chemical applications, whereby the main advantages and disadvantages of LFAs for the different forensic applications are summarized. Additionally, a critical review is provided, discussing why LFAs are not frequently applied within the forensic field and highlighting the steps that are needed to bring LFAs to the forensic market.
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The upscaling of biphasic photochemical reactions is challenging because of the inherent constraints of liquid-gas mixing and light penetration. Using semi-permeable coaxial flow chemistry within a modular photoreactor, the photooxidation of the platform chemical furfural was scaled up to produce routinely 29 gram per day of biobased building block hydroxybutenolide, a precursor to acrylate alternatives.
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This paper is about the conceptual framework of team flow and the action research project at the Hogeschool Utrecht (University of Applied Sciences) which has been launched recently. Have you ever linked the performance of The Rolling Stones - as a long - standing successful music business - to concepts of leadership and collaboration? By doing so, you can discover critical success factors for a new quality in collaboration, called team flow. The key elements of the team flow concept are: Authentic communication; Complementary qualities and habits; Shared leadership; Sharing a common passion; Synergetic identity. These elements find further ground in the U-Theory by Scharmer, the concept of team roles by Belbin, the shared leadership approach by Pearce, and others. You will probably have heard of the theory of Czíkszentmihályi, that people are most happy when they are in a state of flow a state of concentration or complete absorption with the activity at hand and the situation. The flow state is an optimal state of intrinsic motivation where the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing (Czikszentmihalyi 1999). For collaboration, this means highly motivated persons co-creating a state of team flow through communicating authentically, sharing leadership and a common passion. Team flow is a concept for generative collaboration, a kind of collaboration focused on innovation and co-creativity. This concept promotes entrepreneurship and fundamental change.
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De Noordwaard is a recently established highwater flow area located near the Brabantse Biesbosch. In this area, dykes have been adapted and creeks have been dug, some of which are connected to the Hollands Diep and are subject to tidal influence. A large part of theagricultural land has been transformed into a flow area with nature as a secondary function and is partly grazed by water buffaloes, koniks, Scottish highlanders and sheep. In order to guarantee the flow of the area at high water on the Merwede, additional mowing managementis carried out in addition to grazing in autumn. To this end, all vegetation is reset to the maximum height that has been set as astandard for safety reasons. This mowing is expensive and sometimes contrary to the nature objective in the area, where a great diversity in structures is sought.
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This paper extends the 'go-with-the-flow' method to explore enclosed environments, like oil reservoirs, pipe lines that transport liquids, and industrial tanks for processing chemicals, where sensing nodes cannot establish communication with the external world. Nonetheless, large quantities of highly miniaturized, thus power-constrained sensor nodes are injected into these environment and flow through them along with the medium, monitoring their environment but also reconstructing their time-varying position from mutual communication, but without any communication to external base stations or beacons. The relative trajectories of nodes yield essential insights of the fluid flow in the otherwise inaccessible environment. We present a functional implementation of a ranging protocol accommodating size and energy constraints. Our simulation chain models node movement from different types of flow dynamics. It comprehensively assesses not only the performance of the communication and ranging protocols, but also of the reconstruction algorithm. Our assessments cover a wide range of different environments and flow profiles, including highly dynamic ones.
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