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Forensics and fashion

Digitale sporen in smartphones. Een kennismaking met <i>pattern-of-life forensics</i>

Mensen laten in het dagelijks leven steeds meer digitale sporen achter in computers, tablets en smartphones die waardevol kunnen zijn voor de opsporing en voor de bewijsvoering in strafzaken. Naast sporen die we bewust achterlaten, zoals berichten, foto’s en video’s, laten onze handelingen ook allerlei sporen na waarvan we ons veelal niet bewust zijn. Tezamen bieden al deze sporen een kijkje in het dagelijks activiteitenpatroon van een gebruiker. Het digitaal forensisch onderzoek dat zich hierop richt, wordt aangeduid als pattern-of-life forensics. Dit onderzoek is een waardevolle aanvulling voor het toetsen en opstellen van scenario’s, maar tegelijkertijd is het ook een complex onderzoeksgebied vanwege de snelle ontwikkelingen in hardware en software.In dit artikel geven we een aantal voorbeelden van pattern-of-life forensics aan de hand van rechterlijke uitspraken, experimenten die zijn uitgevoerd met smartphones en onderzoek dat is gepubliceerd in de literatuur. In het bijzonder hebben we ons daarbij gericht op het aantonen of een handeling met voorbedachte raad is verricht, op het aantonen van eigenaarschap van een smartphone en op de betrouwbaarheid van digitale sporen als die worden betwist. Juist het dagelijkse patroon van activiteiten dat door middel van pattern-of-life forensics wordt vastgesteld, kan bij uitstek vergeleken worden met observaties uit andere bronnen zoals beveiligingscamera’s, andere inbeslaggenomen bewijsstukken en/of getuigenverklaringen.

UFORIA

With the current growth of data in digital investigations, one solution for forensic investigators is to visualise the data for the detection of suspicious activity. However, this process can be complex and difficult to achieve, as there few tools available that are simple and can handle a wide variety of data types. This paper describes the development of a flexible platform, capable of visualising many different types of related data. The platform's back and front end can efficiently deal with large datasets, and supporta wide range of MIME types that can be easily extended. The paper also describes the development of the visualisation front end, which offers flexible, easily understandable visualisations of many different kinds of data and data relationships.

Forensics en fashion

Lying awake in forensic hospitals

Insomnia has a negative impact on mental health and is a potential risk factor for impulsive and problematic behavior. This multicenter, cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of insomnia and underlying and maintaining factors in a group of forensic psychiatric inpatients (N = 281). Insomnia severity, subjective sleep quality, sleep hygiene and erroneous cognitions about sleep were measured with the Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Hygiene questionnaire and Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep, respectively. Impulsivity was derived from risk assessment instruments routinely completed by trained professionals. Almost half of the patients (48.7%) appeared to suffer from insomnia. Particularly moderate-severe insomnia (26.7%) was significantly associated with worse sleep quality, poorer sleep hygiene, stronger endorsement of dysfunctional sleep cognitions and higher impulsivity scores. It can be concluded that insomnia is rather common in forensic psychiatric patients. Insomnia appears related to various sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep-related cognitions, and probably also to diverse situational and environmental factors as well as a lack of autonomy. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, with some adjustments specific for this population, may be an effective intervention, ameliorating sleep problems and possibly also emotional and behavioral dysregulation.

The interface between forensic science and technology

In this paper, the importance of modern technology in forensic investigations is discussed. Recent technological developments are creating new possibilities to perform robust scientific measurements and studies outside the controlled laboratory environment. The benefits of real-time, on-site forensic investigations are manifold and such technology has the potential to strongly increase the speed and efficacy of the criminal justice system. However, such benefits are only realized when quality can be guaranteed at all times and findings can be used as forensic evidence in court. At the Netherlands Forensic Institute, innovation efforts are currently undertaken to develop integrated forensic platform solutions that allow for the forensic investigation of human biological traces, the chemical identification of illicit drugs and the study of large amounts of digital evidence. These platforms enable field investigations, yield robust and validated evidence and allow for forensic intelligence and targeted use of expert capacity at the forensic institutes. This technological revolution in forensic science could ultimately lead to a paradigm shift in which a new role of the forensic expert emerges as developer and custodian of integrated forensic platforms.