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Towards a hydrogen economy in the north of North-Holland

Hydrogen (H2) is a key element in the Dutch energy transition, considered a sources of flexibility to balance the variable renewable energy sources, facilitating its integration into the energy system. But also as an energy carrier. Both the gas and electricity transmission operators (TSO) have the vision to interconnect their networks with H2, by distributing the green H2 produced with offshore electrolysers into high pressure gas pipelines to relive the overload electric network. The planned compressed H2 pipelines cross the north of North-Holland region, offering a backbone for a H2 economy. Furthermore, at regional level there are already a big number of privet-public H2 developments, among them the DuWaAl, which is a H2 production-demand chain, consists of 1) An H2 mill, 2) 5 filling stations in the region and 3) a large fleet of trucks and other users. Because of these developments, the North-Holland region needs a better insight into the position that H2 could fulfil in the local energy system to contribute to the energy transition. The aim of this research is to analyse these H2 economy, from the emergent to settled, by identifying early and potential producer- consumer, considering the future infrastructure requirements, and exploring economy-environmental impacts of different supply paths

Improving the sustainability of anaerobic digestion through the use of green hydrogen integration for increased green gas production through the use of a symbiotic approach

One potential renewable energy resource is green gas production throughanaerobic digestion (AD). However, only part of the biogas produced (up to50-60%) contains the combustible methane; the remainder are incombustiblegasses with the biggest being carbon dioxide. These gasses are often not usedand expelled in the atmosphere. Through the use of BIO-P2M where hydrogenis mixed with the remaining CO2 additional methane can be produced,increasing the yield and using the feedstocks more effectively. Within thisresearch the environmental sustainability and effectiveness of BIO-P2M isevaluated using the MEFA and aLCA method, expressed in; net green gasproduction, efficiency in (P)EROI, emissions in GWP100, and environmentalimpact in Ecopoints. The functional unit is set as a normal cubic meter ofGroningen quality natural gas. Results indicate a net improvement of allindicators when applying BIO-P2M in several configurations (in situ, ex situ).When allocating the production of renewable energy to the BIO-P2M systemenvironmental impacts for wind the results are still positive; however, whenusing solar PV as an energy source the environmental impact in Ecopointsexceeds that of the reference case of Groningen natural gas. An additionaloption for improving the indicators is optimization of the process. When usingBIO-P2M combined with heat and power unit for producing the internalelectricity and heat demands all indicators are improved substantially. On anational scale when utilizing al available waste materials for the BIO-P2Msystem around 1217 MNm3/a of green gas can be produced, which is 3% ofthe total yearly consumption in the Netherlands and around 60% more thanwhen using normal AD systems. Within the context BIO-P2M is an interestingoption for increasing green gas output and improving the overall sustainabilityof the AD process. However, the source of green electricity needs to be takeninto account and process optimization can ensure better environmentalperformance.

The Green Hydrogen Economy: overcoming the obstacles

Overcoming Challenges in Local Green H2 Economies

Overcoming Challenges in local green H2 economies Organizer: Dr Beata Kviatek, Jean Monnet Chair in Sustainable EU Economy, Centre of Expertise Energy / International Business School / Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the Netherlands One of the main pathways of the current energy transition includes development of regional green hydrogen economy, usually based in the so-called hydrogen valleys. The development of regional green hydrogen economies enables to green up regional industry and mobility, brings new business opportunities for local and regional businesses, redirects regional investments and financial streams, and proposes new avenues for regional education, knowledge, and research institutions. However, the complexity of regional transformation towards green hydrogen economy, poses challenges that require a close cooperation between different local and regional stakeholders at multiple levels, including national and European. What are these challenges in developing regional green hydrogen economies here, in the northern part of the Netherlands, and in other regions of Europe and what are the new pathways to overcome challenges in regional green hydrogen economies? – is the main question of the proposed panel discussion that will involve academics, policy makers, and practitioners from the northern part of the Netherlands as well as some European regions.

Energy self-sufficiency and sustainability in a defined neighbourhood: Bio-methanation to green gas can outperform green hydrogen

In Europe, green hydrogen and biogas/green gas are considered important renewable energy carriers, besides renewable electricity and heat. Still, incentives proceed slowly, and the feasibility of local green gas is questioned. A supply chain of decentralised green hydrogen production from locally generated electricity (PV or wind) and decentralised green gas production from locally collected biomass and biological power-to-methane technology was analysed and compared to a green hydrogen scenario. We developed a novel method for assessing local options. Meeting the heating demand of households was constrained by the current EU law (RED II) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% relative to fossil (natural) gas. Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) analyses at 80% GHG emission savings indicate that locally produced green gas (LCOE = 24.0 €ct kWh−1) is more attractive for individual citizens than locally produced green hydrogen (LCOE = 43.5 €ct kWh−1). In case higher GHG emission savings are desired, both LCOEs go up. Data indicate an apparent mismatch between heat demand in winter and PV electricity generation in summer. Besides, at the current state of technology, local onshore wind turbines have less GHG emissions than PV panels. Wind turbines may therefore have advantages over PV fields despite the various concerns in society. Our study confirms that biomass availability in a dedicated region is a challenge.

Developing the Hydrogen Economy

The European Commission has selected the Northern Netherlands to become the leading European hydrogen region and supports establishment of a complete local (green) hydrogen ecosystem covering production, storage, distribution, refueling and final use of hydrogen (Cordis, H2Valley, 2019). In line with the European recognition, the Dutch government has set the goal to establish a hydrogen ecosystem by 2025 that would further expand to Western Europe by 2030. Yet before the European Union nominated the Northern Netherlands as European Hydrogen Valley, the key stakeholders in the Northern Netherlands – industry, SMEs, knowledge institutions and government – committed to the long-term cooperation in development of the green hydrogen market. Subsequently, the three regional governments of the Northern Netherlands, - Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe, - prepared the common Hydrogen Investment Agenda (2019), which was further elaborated in the common Hydrogen Investment Plan (2020). The latter includes investments amounting to over 9 billion euro, which is believed will secure some 66.000 existing jobs and help create between 25 thousands (in 2030) and 41 thousands (in 2050) new jobs.However, implementation of these ambitious plans to establish a hydrogen ecosystem of this scale will require not only investments into development of a new infrastructure or technological adaptation of present energy systems, e.g., pipelines, but also facilitation of economic transformation and securing the social support and acceptance. What are the prospects for the social support for the developing European Hydrogen Valley in the Northern Netherlands and its acceptance by inhabitants? The paper discusses the social support and acceptance aspects for a hydrogen ecosystem in the context of regional experiences of energy transition, including the concerns of energy justice, safety, and public trust that were raised in the recent past.