OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of dental caries in relation to socio-economic status (SES) within oral health, children's eating habits and parental attitudes towards oral health.BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Dental screening data were collected from 6- and 10-year-old schoolchildren from low and high SES schools in The Netherlands in this cross-sectional study.METHODS: The clinical examination was performed by trained dental hygiene students who collected the data on dental caries, dental plaque and duration of brushing. The paper questionnaire completed by the parents included 18 questions about oral health behaviour, eating habits and parental attitudes towards oral health.RESULTS: Two of the six parameters of oral health behaviour were statistically associated with the high caries prevalence in the low SES group (brushing frequency (p = 0.028) and age at the first visit to the dentist (p = 0.044)). High intake of fruit juices and/or soft drinks (p = 0.043) and low calcium intake (p = 0.028) were identified as risk determinants for caries with low SES. All parameters of parental attitudes towards oral health were associated with caries, but not with SES.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the high caries prevalence in children from low SES schools was associated with oral health behaviour and eating habits. The role of parents was indirectly associated with the occurrence of dental caries. Therefore, it is important to include parents in all intervention programmes in order to reduce the prevalence of caries.
Within health education, many innovations are introduced, but are often not successful or sustainable. It is generally acknowledged that the quality of an educational system mainly depends on the quality of the teachers. Innovations will only succeed if teachers experience a climate that stimulates innovation and if they possess a sufficient level of innovative work behaviour. The current concept of innovative work behaviour (IWB) consists of three different behavioural dimensions: Idea generation, promotion and realization. However, the concept lacks attention for idea sustainability, which is necessary to embed the innovation deeply in daily practice. The limited attention for improving and continuation of an implemented idea is an often-mentioned explanation for the lack of the long-term success of innovations. Aim: This study aims at the development and validation of an instrument for innovative work behaviour that also includes the dimension idea sustainability, which has been overlooked by other researchers. Method: A questionnaire is developed, based on the questionnaire of Messmann (2012). Additional items are added to measure the new dimension idea sustainability. This new dimension contains the following concepts: Improving and optimising the innovation, disseminating the innovation in depth in the system of the organization and disseminating on a larger scale, and finally visualization of the benefits for stakeholders. The questionnaire is send to 400 teachers of a University for applied sciences in the South of The Netherlands. Results: 179 questionnaires were completed. It can be concluded that the scales to measure innovative work behaviour are strongly interrelated. There are significant correlations between the original dimensions and the added dimensions. The results for individual characteristics indicated that age and tenure did not correlate with any of the scales. Work experience, gender and also the faculty to which teachers belong did make some difference with regard to IWB. The results for job characteristics showed that the number of working hours, job position and the participation in research groups did make a difference with regard to IWB. In general, job characteristics showed more links with the various scales to measure innovative work behavior compared to the individual characteristics.
Purpose Incidents of self-injury by forensic psychiatric patients often have a deleterious impact on all those involved. Moreover, self-injurious behaviour is an important predictor for violence towards others during treatment. The aim of this study is to analyse methods and severity of incidents of self-injury of patients admitted to forensic psychiatry, as well as the diagnoses of self-injuring patients. Design/methodology/approach All incidents of self-injury during treatment in a forensic psychiatric centre recorded between 2008 and 2019 were analysed and the severity was coded with the modified observed aggression scale+ (MOAS+). Findings In this period, 299 incidents of self-injury were recorded, displayed by 106 patients. Most of these incidents (87.6%) were classified as non-suicidal. Methods most often used were skin cutting with glass, broken plates, a razor or knife and swallowing dangerous objects or liquids. Ten patients died by suicide, almost all by suffocation with a rope or belt. The majority of the incidents was coded as severe or extreme with the MOAS+. Female patients were overrepresented and they caused on average three times more incidents than male patients. Practical implications More attention is warranted for self-injurious behaviour during forensic treatment considering the distressing consequences for both patients themselves, supervisors and witnesses. Adequate screening for risk of self-injurious behaviour could help to prevent this behaviour. Further research is needed in different forensic settings into predictors of self-injurious behaviour, more specifically, if there are distinct predictors for aggression to others versus to the self. Originality/value Incidents of self-injury occur with some regularity in forensic mental health care and are usually classified as severe. The impact of suicide (attempts) and incidents of self-injurious behaviour on all those involved can be enormous. More research is needed into the impact on all those involved, motivations, precipitants and functions of self-injurious behaviour and effective treatment of it.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pattern of alcohol use that involves having trouble controlling drinking behaviour, even when it causes health issues (addiction) or problems functioning in daily (social and professional) life. Moreover, festivals are a common place where large crowds of festival-goers experience challenges refusing or controlling alcohol and substance use. Studies have shown that interventions at festivals are still very problematic. ARise is the first project that wants to help prevent AUD at festivals using Augmented Reality (AR) as a tool to help people, particular festival visitors, to say no to alcohol (and other substances). ARise is based on the on the first Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy (ARET) in the world that we developed for clinical treatment of AUD. It is an AR smartphone driven application in which (potential) visitors are confronted with virtual humans that will try to seduce the user to accept an alcoholic beverage. These virtual humans are projected in the real physical context (of a festival), using innovative AR glasses. Using intuitive phone, voice and gesture interactions, it allows users to personalize the safe experience by choosing different drinks and virtual humans with different looks and levels of realism. ARET has been successfully developed and tested on (former) AUD patients within a clinical setting. Research with patients and healthcare specialists revealed the wish to further develop ARET as a prevention tool to reach people before being diagnosed with AUD and to extend the application for other substances (smoking and pills). In this project, festival visitors will experience ARise and provide feedback on the following topics: (a) experience, (b) awareness and confidence to refuse alcohol drinks, (c) intention to use ARise, (d) usability & efficiency (the level of realism needed), and (e) ideas on how to extend ARise with new substances.
There is increasing interest for the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in the field of sustainable transportation and urban development. Even though much has been said about the opportunities of using VR technology to enhance design and involve stakeholders in the process, implementations of VR technology are still limited. To bridge this gap, the urban intelligence team of NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences developed CycleSPEX, a Virtual Reality (VR) simulator for cycling. CycleSpex enables researchers, planners and policy makers to shape a variety of scenarios around knowledge- and design questions and test their impact on users experiences and behaviour, in this case (potential) cyclists. The impact of infrastructure enhancements as well as changes in the surrounding built environment can be tested, analysed an evaluated. The main advantage for planners and policy makers is that the VR environment enables them to test scenarios ex-ante in a safe and controlled setting.“The key to a smart, healthy and safe urban environment lies in engaging mobility. Healthy cities are often characterized by high quality facilities for the active modes. But what contributes to a pleasant cycling experience? CycleSPEX helps us to understand the relations between cyclists on the move and (designed) urban environments”
Producten1. Een leertraject voor MBO- en HBO geschoolde professionele begeleiders van mensen met een matige en (zeer) ernstige verstandelijke beperking (VB). Het bestaat uit verschillende, op individuele behoeften afgestemde, leerinterventies: online leren (met praktijksimulaties) en het geleerde in de praktijk toepassen.2. Een omgevingsscan; een hulpmiddel waarmee begeleiders kunnen beoordelen of de leef- en werkomgeving gezond gedrag van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking uitlokt.De producten van het project De Krachten Gebundeld helpen bij het creëren van een gezonde omgeving die een gezonde leefstijl van mensen met een VB ondersteunt. Informatie over de producten en hoe deze te implementeren zijn, is te vinden op de website, www.dekrachtengebundeld.nl Resultaten voor:- Mensen met een verstandelijke beperking: gezonde omgeving en leefstijl;- Zorgorganisaties en professionele begeleiders: leertraject en omgevingsscan;- Onderwijs: aanpassen benodigde competenties curricula MBO- en HBO opleidingen;- Wetenschap: kennis over leefstijl en percepties van mensen met VB en hun professionele begeleiders;- Politiek: aanpassen beleid met betrekking tot inrichting zorg gericht op gezondheid van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking.'De krachten gebundeld: ondersteunen van een gezonde leefstijl voor mensen met een verstandelijke beperking' wil een gezondheidsbevorderende omgeving creëren, zodat deze cliënten kan ondersteunen bij een gezonde leefstijl.Een gezonde leefstijl is belangrijk, ook voor mensen met een verstandelijke beperking. Het ZonMw project 'Ondersteunen gezonde leefstijl: de krachten gebundeld!' had de intentie een gezondheidsbevorderende omgeving creëren, zodat deze cliënten kan ondersteunen bij een gezonde leefstijl.DoelMensen met een verstandelijke beperking leven in een gezondheidsbevorderende omgeving: de leef-, werk- en vrije tijdsruimten lokken gezond gedrag uit en ze voelen zich ondersteund in dit gedrag door de mensen om hen heen.AanpakHet onderzoek bestond uit drie projecten:- Kennis verzamelen bij mensen met een VB en hun professionele begeleiders over gezondheid, het belang van een gezonde leefstijl en de benodigde ondersteuning in de omgeving;- Ontwikkelen van een leertraject voor de professionele begeleiders en een omgevingsscan voor de omgeving van mensen met een VB in co-creatie met hen;- Implementeren en evalueren van het leertraject en de omgevingsscan.SamenwerkingDe krachten gebundeld!Binnen dit onderzoek werkten veel wetenschappers met elkaar samen. Het Erasmus MC, dr. T. Hilgenkamp; Radboud UMC, dr. J. Naaldenberg; RUG Research Centre EMB, prof. dr. A. van der Putten, het Alfa-college Groningen en de Hanzehogeschool, prof. C. van der Schans en dr. A. Waninge. Dit deden zij ook samen met mensen met een verstandelijke beperking, hun vertegenwoordigers, 19 zorgorganisaties en MBO, HBO en WO onderwijs.
