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Structural localisation of catalytic H2O2 oxidation sites in starch

The catalytic oxidation of potato starch by [MnIV2 (μ-O)3(tmtacn)2][H2O](CH3COO)2 (Mncat, with tmtacn =1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) with H2O2, was recently introduced as a promising alternative to ubiquitous sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Here, we report an in-depth investigation into interactions of the catalyst with the starch granule. Pitted starches obtained by pre-treatment with high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) were shown to result in a uniquely homogeneous oxidation. To study this further, fractionation of oxidised potato starch was done which showed a preference for the oxidation of smaller granules with a higher relative surface area. This result was corroborated by chemical surface gelatinisation of fractionated granules. These studies showed that the inside of the granules was oxidised, but that Mncat had a moderate preference for oxidation of the periphery. Together, these results allow for a better understanding of oxidation of starch by Mncat and how it differs from NaOCl oxidation making further optimisation of the process possible.

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Structural localisation of catalytic H2O2 oxidation sites in starch

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Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children

Background Altered muscle-tendon properties in clubfoot patients could play a role in the occurrence of a relapse and negatively affect physical functioning. However, there is a lack of literature about muscle-tendon properties of clubfoot relapse patients. Research question The aim of this study was to determine whether the muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius and the morphology of the Achilles tendon differ between typically developing children (TDC) and clubfoot patients with and without a relapse clubfoot and to determine the relationships between morphological and functional gait outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in clubfoot patients treated according to the Ponseti method and TDC aged 4–8 years. A division between clubfoot patients with and without a relapse was made. Fifteen clubfoot patients, 10 clubfoot relapse patients and 19 TDC were included in the study. Morphologic properties of the medial head of the Gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon were assessed by ultrasonography. Functional gait outcomes were assessed using three-dimensional gait analysis. Mean group differences were analysed with ANOVA and non-parametric alternatives. Relationships between functional and morphologic parameters were determined for all clubfoot patients together and for TDC with Spearman’s rank correlation. Results Morphological and functional gait parameters did not differ between clubfoot patients with and without a relapse, with exception of lower maximal dorsiflexor moment in clubfoot relapse patients. Compared to TDC, clubfoot and relapse patients did show lower functional gait outcomes, as well as shorter and more pennate muscles with a longer Achilles tendon. In all clubfoot patients, this longer relative tendon was related to higher ankle power and plantarflexor moment. Significance In clubfoot and relapse patients, abnormalities in morphology did not always relate to worse functional gait outcomes. Understanding these relationships in all clubfoot patients may improve the knowledge about clubfoot and aid future treatment planning.

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Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children

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Cluttering identified: differential diagnostics between cluttering, stuttering and speech impairment related to learning difficulties

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Multinational web uses and gratifications: Measuring the Social Impact of Online Participation Across National Boundaries

This paper will describe the rationale and findings from a multinational study of online uses and gratifications conducted in the United States, Korea, and the Netherlands in spring 2003. A survey research method of study was conducted using a questionnaire developed in three languages and was presented to approximately 400 respondents in each country via the Web. Web uses and gratifications were analyzed cross-nationally in a comparative fashion and focused on the perceived involvement in different types of on-line communities. Findings indicate that demographic characteristics, cultural values, and Internet connection type emerged as critical factors that explain why the same technology is adopted differently. The analyses identified seven major gratifications sought by users in each country: social support, surveillance & advice, learning, entertainment, escape, fame & aesthetic, and respect. Although the Internet is a global medium, in general, web use is more local and regional. Evidence of media use and cultural values reported by country and online community supports the hypothesis of a technological convergence between societies, not a cultural convergence.

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Effects of induction of labour versus expectant management in women with impending post-term pregnancies

Background: Post-term pregnancy, a pregnancy exceeding 294 days or 42 completed weeks, is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and is considered a high-risk condition which requires specialist surveillance and induction of labour. However, there is uncertainty on the policy concerning the timing of induction for post-term pregnancy or impending post-term pregnancy, leading to practice variation between caregivers. Previous studies on induction at or beyond 41 weeks versus expectant management showed different results on perinatal outcome though conclusions in meta-analyses show a preference for induction at 41 weeks. However, interpretation of the results is hampered by the limited sample size of most trials and the heterogeneity in design. Most control groups had a policy of awaiting spontaneous onset of labour that went far beyond 42 weeks, which does not reflect usual care in The Netherlands where induction of labour at 42 weeks is the regular policy. Thus leaving the question unanswered if induction at 41 weeks results in better perinatal outcomes than expectant management until 42 weeks. Methods/design: In this study we compare a policy of labour induction at 41 + 0/+1 weeks with a policy of expectant management until 42 weeks in obstetrical low risk women without contra-indications for expectant management until 42 weeks and a singleton pregnancy in cephalic position. We will perform a multicenter randomised controlled clinical trial. Our primary outcome will be a composite outcome of perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes will be maternal outcomes as mode of delivery (operative vaginal delivery and Caesarean section), need for analgesia and postpartum haemorrhage (≥1000 ml). Maternal preferences, satisfaction, wellbeing, pain and anxiety will be assessed alongside the trial. Discussion: his study will provide evidence for the management of pregnant women reaching a gestational age of 41 weeks.

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Effects of induction of labour versus expectant management in women with impending post-term pregnancies

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The impact of a notched peripheral intravenous catheter on the first attempt success rate in hospitalized adults: Block-randomized trial

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous cannulation is the preferred method to obtain vascular access, but not always successful on the first attempt. Evidence on the impact of the intravenous catheter itself on the success rate is lacking. Faster visualization of blood flashback into the catheter, as a result of a notched needle, is thought to increase first attempt success rate. The current study aimed to assess if inserting a notched peripheral intravenous catheter will increase first attempt cannulation success up to 90%, when compared to inserting a catheter without a notched needle. Design: In this block-randomized trial, adult patients in the intervention group got a notched peripheral intravenous catheter inserted, patients in the control group received a traditional non-notched catheter. The primary objective was the first attempt success rate of peripheral intravenous cannulation. Intravenous cannulation was performed according to practice guidelines and hospital policy. Results: About 328 patients were included in the intervention group and 330 patients in the control group. First attempt success was 85% and 79% for the intervention and control group respectively. First attempt success was remarkably higher in the intervention group regarding patients with a high risk for failed cannulation (29%), when compared to the control group (10%). Conclusion: This study was unable to reach a first attempt success of 90%, although first attempt cannulation success was higher in patients who got a notched needle inserted when compared to those who got a non-notched needle inserted, unless a patients individual risk profile for a difficult intravenous access.

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The impact of a notched peripheral intravenous catheter on the first attempt success rate in hospitalized adults: Block-randomized trial

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Motives of Internet uses: Crosscultural Perspectives 'the US, the Netherlands, and South Korea

The aim of this study was to understand the motives for using the Internet, and its associations with users' attitudes, social values, and relational involvement. Also, this study attempted to crossculturally compare the difference in the pattern of motives and the associations among three countries ' the US, the Netherlands, and S. Korea. The design of methods was based on examination and revision of uses and gratification approach toward Internet users. Findings from factor analysis revealed that information seeking and Self-Improvement were the dominant and common reasons for using the Internet across three countries. The differences in the composition of motives in each country were also reported. Strong correlations across countries were found between all the motives and satisfaction of the Internet. Expectation and positive evaluation of the Internet were also important attitudes associated with Internet use motives. Postmaterialist value showed strong association with motives of information seeking and Self-Improvement. Community involvement was significantly associated with Internet use motives in Korean users.

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Does Science-Fiction predict [or change] the future?

This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the use of television, telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding the use of communication media.

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Does Science-Fiction predict [or change] the future?

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The Psychology of Social Networking

Hoofdstuk 2 gaat over peer en professionele online support voor ouders bij het opvoeden. In totaal bevat het boek 31 hoofdstukken over sociaal netwerken, geschreven door tientallen onderzoekers wereldwijd.

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Structural localisation of catalytic H2O2 oxidation sites in starch

Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children

Cluttering identified: differential diagnostics between cluttering, stuttering and speech impairment related to learning difficulties

Multinational web uses and gratifications: Measuring the Social Impact of Online Participation Across National Boundaries

Effects of induction of labour versus expectant management in women with impending post-term pregnancies

The impact of a notched peripheral intravenous catheter on the first attempt success rate in hospitalized adults: Block-randomized trial

Motives of Internet uses: Crosscultural Perspectives 'the US, the Netherlands, and South Korea

Does Science-Fiction predict [or change] the future?

The Psychology of Social Networking

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Structural localisation of catalytic H2O2 oxidation sites in starch

Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children

Cluttering identified: differential diagnostics between cluttering, stuttering and speech impairment related to learning difficulties

Multinational web uses and gratifications: Measuring the Social Impact of Online Participation Across National Boundaries

Effects of induction of labour versus expectant management in women with impending post-term pregnancies

The impact of a notched peripheral intravenous catheter on the first attempt success rate in hospitalized adults: Block-randomized trial

Motives of Internet uses: Crosscultural Perspectives 'the US, the Netherlands, and South Korea

Does Science-Fiction predict [or change] the future?

The Psychology of Social Networking