Rapportage groep studenten van het Smart Solution Semester, in opdracht van onderzoeker R. Nijdam van het lectoraat Regio-ontwikkeling. Het deelproject van deze studenten behelst deel 1 van een onderzoeksproject naar de ontwikkeling van een beslissingsondersteunend systeem voor ondernemers in de verblijfsrecreatieve sector om hun bedrijfsvoering zo duurzaam en circulair mogelijk te organiseren. De rapportage is gepresenteerd aan een representatieve groep vertegenwoordigers uit het werkveld (ondernemers en branchevereniging).
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Citizen participation in local renewable energy projects is often promoted as many suppose it to be a panacea for the difficulties that are involved in the energy transition process. Quite evidently, it is not; there is a wide variety of visions, ideologies and interests related to an ‘energy transition’. Such a variety is actually a precondition for a stakeholder participation process, as stakeholder participation only makes sense if there is ‘something at stake’. Conflicting viewpoints, interests and debates are the essence of participation. The success of stakeholder participation implies that these differences are acknowledged, and discussed, and that this has created mutual understanding among stakeholders. It does not necessarily create ‘acceptance’. Renewable energy projects often give rise to local conflict. The successful implementation of local renewable energy systems depends on the support of the local social fabric. While at one hand decisions to construct wind turbines in specific regions trigger local resistance, the opposite also occurs! Solar parks sometimes create a similar variation: Various communities try to prevent the construction of solar parks in their vicinity, while other communities proudly present their parks. Altogether, local renewable energy initiatives create a rather chaotic picture, if regarded from the perspective of government planning. However, if we regard the successes, it appears the top down initiatives are most successful in areas with a weak social fabric, like industrial areas, or rather recently reclaimed land. Deeply rooted communities, virtually only have successful renewable energy projects that are more or less bottom up initiatives. This paper will first sketch why participation is important, and present a categorisation of processes and procedures that could be applied. It also sketches a number of myths and paradoxes that might occur in participation processes. ‘Compensating’ individuals and/or communities to accept wind turbines or solar parks is not sufficient to gain ‘acceptance’. A basic feature of many debates on local renewable energy projects is about ‘fairness’. The implication is that decision-making is neither on pros and cons of various renewable energy technologies as such, nor on what citizens are obliged to accept, but on a fair distribution of costs and benefits. Such discussions on fairness cannot be short cut by referring to legal rules, scientific evidence, or to standard financial compensations. History plays a role as old feelings of being disadvantaged, both at individual and at group level, might re-emerge in such debates. The paper will provide an overview of various local controversies on renewable energy initiatives in the Netherlands. It will argue that an open citizen participation process can be organized to work towards fair decisions, and that citizens should not be addressed as greedy subjects, trying to optimise their own private interests, but as responsible persons.
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In deze rapportage worden de bevindingen gepresenteerd van een studie naar de huidige en toekomstige focus van de toeristisch-recreatieve beleidskaders en samenwerkingsmogelijkheden van Emsland-Drenthe.
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This research concerning the experience and future of zoos was carried out from 2011-2012 and takes regional ideas concerning Zoo Emmen as well as global visions into account. The research focuses partly on Zoo Emmen, its present attractions and visitors while also comparing and contrasting visions on the future in relationship to other international zoos in the world. In this way, remarkable experiences and ideas will be identified and in the light of them, it can serve as inspiration for stakeholders of zoos at large. The main research subject is a look at the future zoos in view of: The Zoo Experience – an international experience benchmark; The Zoo of the Future – a Scenario Planning approach towards the future; The virtual zoo - zoo’s in the internet domain.
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Elk jaar bezoeken tussen de een en twee miljoen mensen het waddengebied. Het toerisme is daar uitgegroeid tot een van de belangrijkste economische activiteiten. In Nederland zijn vooral de eilanden een populaire vakantiebestemming. Fietsen, wandelen en strandbezoek zijn populaire activiteiten. De authentieke atmosfeer, het strand en het duinlandschapworden het meest gewaardeerd. De natuurwaarden van de Waddenzee spelen een minder grote rol, hoewel uit onderzoek blijkt dat er een zekere relatie bestaat tussen natuurervaringen en de plaatsgebondenheid van de toerist. In tegenstelling tot Duitsland komt het toerisme op de vastelandskust van Noord-Holland, Friesland en Groningen nauwelijks op gang en kan niet profiteren van de stroom bezoekers naar de Waddeneilanden. De recente aanwijzing van de Waddenzee tot werelderfgoed wordt over het algemeen gezien als een belangrijke stimulans voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme. InNederland blijkt de werelderfgoedstatus echter nog relatief onbekend te zijn. In tegenstelling tot het Duitse kustgebied wordt door ondernemers deze status niet of nauwelijks benut. Met de werelderfgoedstatus van de Waddenzee en de voorgenomen uitbreiding van het vliegveld Eelde als nieuwe uitdagingen zijn met behulp van scenarioplanning een aantal richtingen voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme in Noord-Nederland geïdentificeerd en uitgewerkt in 23 product-markt-partner-combinaties. Deze hebben het karakter van shortbreaks waarineen bezoek aan het waddengebied gekoppeld wordt aan andere highlights in Noord-Nederland
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Energy cooperatives are beginning to expand their role from stimulating small-scale electricity production to developing local energy systems, including cooperatively owned energy storage solutions. However, many technical, social and financial obstacles are encountered in this process. It is as yet unclear how new roles of citizens, building owners, grid operators and energy cooperatives will develop. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess if a feasible business case is at all possible given present context conditions in the Netherlands.
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De kandidatuur van Malta als Europese Culturele hoofdstad in cultuurtoeristisch perspectief
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What would Dutch society lose if the Tourism and Recreation sector does not survive and what is needed to preserve its societal value and, preferably even, enhance this value? In this report a combination of methods is used to answer the research question: a literature study, case studies, and a survey among entrepreneurs. A substantial number of scientific articles, advisory reports and conference contributions were analysed in various contexts and for different forms of T&R. In the literature study societal contributions were brought together in a structured manner. The cases reflect the breadth of the sector and serve as good examples of how the sector achieves its societal value, but they also illustrate the challenges. The survey produced several insights. Respondents were asked, for instance, to indicate for each societal value whether they saw a positive, negative or no contribution of the sector. By means of a points system a top 25 was composed and put into a table., this table was used to structure the findings from the study.
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