Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in the developed countries the most common cause of death and disability in childhood. Aim: The purpose of this study is to estimate the incidence of TBI for children and young people in an urbanised region of the Netherlands and to describe relevant characteristics of this group. Methods: Patients, aged 1 month - 24 years who presented with traumatic brain injury at the Erasmus University Hospital (including the Sophia Children's Hospital) in 2007 and 2008 were included in a retrospective study. Data were collected by means of diagnosis codes and search terms for TBI in patient records. The incidence of TBI in the different referral areas of the hospital for standard, specialised and intensive patient care was estimated. Results: 472 patients met the inclusion criteria. The severity of the Injury was classified as mild in 342 patients, moderate in 50 patients and severe in 80 patients. The total incidence of traumatic brain injury in the referral area of the Erasmus University Hospital was estimated at 113.9 young people per 100.000. The incidence for mild traumatic brain injury was estimated at 104.4 young people, for moderate 6.1 and for severe 3.4 young people per 100.000. Conclusion: The ratio for mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in children and young people was 33.7e1.8e1.In the mild TBI group almost 17% of the patients reported sequelae. The finding that 42% of them had a normal brain CT scan at admission underwrites the necessity of careful follow up of children and young people with mild TBI.
Many attempts have been made to build an artificial brain. This paper aims to contribute to the conceptualization of an artificial learning system that functionally resembles an organic brain in a number of important neuropsychological aspects. Probably the techniques (algorithms) required are already available in various fields of artificial intelligence. However, the question is how to combine those techniques. The combination of truly autonomous learning, in which "accidental" findings (serendipity) can be used without supervision, with supervised learning from both the surrounding and previous knowledge, is still very challenging. In the event of changed circumstances, network models that can not utilize previously acquired knowledge must be completely reset, while in representation-driven networks, new formation will remain outside the scope, as we will argue. In this paper considerations to make artificial learning functionally similar to organic learning, and the type of algorithm that is necessary in the different hierarchical layers of the brain are discussed. To this end, algorithms are divided into two types: conditional algorithms (CA) and completely unsupervised learning. It is argued that in a conceptualisation of an artificial device that is functional similar to an organic learning system, both conditional learning (by applying CA’s), and non-conditional (supervised) learning must be applied.
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This review is the first step in a long-term research project exploring how social robotics and AI-generated content can contribute to the creative experiences of older adults, with a focus on collaborative drawing and painting. We systematically searched and selected literature on human-robot co-creativity, and analyzed articles to identify methods and strategies for researching co-creative robotics. We found that none of the studies involved older adults, which shows the gap in the literature for this often involved participant group in robotics research. The analyzed literature provides valuable insights into the design of human-robot co-creativity and informs a research agenda to further investigate the topic with older adults. We argue that future research should focus on ecological and developmental perspectives on creativity, on how system behavior can be aligned with the values of older adults, and on the system structures that support this best.
Our unilateral diet has resulted in a deficiency of specific elements/components needed for well-functioning of the human body. Especially the element magnesium is low in our processed food and results in neuronal and muscular malfunctioning, problems in bone heath/strength, and increased chances of diabetes, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it has also been recognized that magnesium plays an important role in cognitive functioning (impairment and enhancement), especially for people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer, etc). Recently, it has been reported that magnesium addition positively effects sleep and calmness (anti-stress). In order to increase the bioavailability of magnesium cations, organic acids such as citrate, glycerophosphate and glycinate are often used as counterions. However, the magnesium supplements that are currently on the market still suffer from low bio-availability and often do not enter the brain significantly.The preparation of dual/multiple ligands of magnesium in which the organic acid not only functions as a carrier but also has synergistically/complementary biological effects is widely unexplored and needs further development. As a result, there is a strong need for dual/multiple magnesium supplements that are non-toxic, stable, prepared via an economically and ecologically attractive route, resulting in high bioavailability of magnesium in vivo, preferably positively influencing cognition/concentration
Tijdens fase 1 van HCA GroenvermogenNL is een regionaal liaisonteam samengesteld dat de opdracht heeft aangenomen de regio te mobiliseren en te komen tot een gedragen roadmap. Conform deze roadmap kent regio Oost twee centrumregio’s: Lifeport (regio Arnhem-Nijmegen, verbonden met Stedendriehoek-Twente via SPRONG) en Brainport (regio Eindhoven-Helmond). Deze centrumregio's zullen in de tweede fase van HCA GroenvermogenNL als zelfstandige regio's gaan opereren. In de overbruggingsperiode zullen hiervoor de voorbereidingen worden getroffen. De activiteiten die uitgevoerd zullen worden betreffen het onderhouden, uitbouwen en verder versterken van de relevante netwerken daar het ecosysteem dynamisch is en de urgentie tot handelen groot. De netwerken zullen gemobiliseerd en geïnformeerd worden om een zo sterk mogelijke fase 2 van HCA GroenvermogenNL voor te bereiden door de regionale inbedding van de samenwerking tussen de R&D en HCA Pijlers te realiseren en het onderwijssysteem op alle niveaus goed te onbaorden. Hiermee wordt een sterke regionale landingsplek gerealiseerd voor de landelijke GroenvermogenNL projecten.
GroenvermogenNL is “de ‘enabler’ voor de ambitieuze activiteiten t.a.v. de productie en transport, op- & overslag van waterstof en de (grootschalige) toepassing ervan in de industrie en de overige toepassingsgebieden zoals mobiliteit & transport en de gebouwde omgeving”. Hierbij is de voorwaarde voor succes “de voldoende beschikbaarheid van professionals met kennis en vaardigheden van waterstof en de toepassing ervan”. GroenvermogenNL kent om deze reden de Human Capital Agenda GroenvermogenNL. Een vijftal werkstromen in deze HCA moeten samen leiden tot de realisatie van bovengenoemde voorwaarde. Voor deze werkstromen is een periode van vier jaar voorzien met een eerste jaar waarin kernactiviteiten benoemd zijn. Eén van deze kernactiviteiten betreft het aanstellen van regionale liaisons en de ontwikkeling van regionale roadmaps. In de voorliggende aanvraag wordt een trajectvoorstel gedaan voor het motiveren en mobiliseren van de binnen GroenvermogenNL gedefinieerde regio Arhnem-Nijmegen/Brainport. Het doel is te komen tot een hecht, daadkrachtig en investeringsbereid consortium dat met trots invulling geeft aan de ambities van HCA GroenvermogenNL. Regio Nijmegen-Arnhem/Brainport is een initiatiefrijke regio op het gebied van waterstof, de energietransitie en de inzet van learning communities en is daarmee goede bodem voor de ambities van HCA GroenvermogenNL. Zoals gesteld in de HCA GroenvermogenNL heeft een learning community zowel een gedeelde missie als gedeeld eigenaarschap en vormt het dé dragende entiteit. Juist de gedeeldheid hierin maakt dat binnen het traject Regionale Liaison en Regionale Roadmap netwerk/teamontwikkeling als uitgangspunt voor de activiteiten in de regio wordt gezien. De activiteiten om te komen tot de regionale roadmap zijn ingericht naar het teamontwikkelingsmodel van Bruce Tuckman: forming, storming, norming en later performing en adjourning.
