This leaflet showcases a design framework for buildingcommunity resilience in urban neighbourhoods. Atits core, the framework challenges designers andother professionals to not only consider resilience inhuman communities, but also in other-than-humancommunities, including plants and animals. Theframework proposes a set of five concepts that helpbridging these two perspectives; each concept describesan important condition for community resilience toemerge for both humans and non-humans.
Plasma urokinase, a plasminogen activator immunochemically related to urinary urokinase (UK), was removed from human plasma (3.5 ng/ml) by immuno-depletion with antibodies raised against UK. The remaining plasminogen activator activity of the depleted plasma could not be inhibited by anti-UK antibodies and a sensitive ELISA for UK did not detect any UK levels that were higher than the background of the assay (0.1 ng/ml). However, when the depleted plasma was subjected to SDS-PAGE, substantial amounts of protein were found hereafter around 110 and 46 kD which now gave a positive reaction in the ELISA (35-350 ng/ml plasma). From these observations it is concluded that in human plasma two types of UK-related protein occur: Type I, among which the plasma urokinase, has antigenic determinants which are directly accessible to the anti-UK antibodies, Type II has determinants in a latent form. The function of the 110 kD type-II protein is that of a plasminogen activator; that of the 46 kD protein is not yet clear.
Anthropocentrism is the belief that value is human-centered and that all other beings are means to human ends. The Oxford English Dictionary defines anthropocentrism as “regarding humankind as the central or most important element of existence”. Anthropocentrism focuses on humanistic values as opposed to values found in non-human beings or ecosystems. With the popularization of the concept of ecosystem services, the idea of protecting the environment for the sake of human welfare is reflected in the SDGs. Within the SDGs, the instrumental use of the environment for the sake of alleviating poverty, combatting climate change, and addressing a range of other social and economic issues is promoted. Since the conception of the SDGs, there has been a discussion about anthropocentrism in ‘sustainable development’ (e.g., Kopnina 2016a and 2017, Strang 2017, Adelman 2018; Kotzé and French 2018) and how the SDGs can be antithetical to effective responses to sustainability challenges. The SDGs’ accent on economic growth and social equality as well as environmental protection actually result in ethical as well as practical paradoxes. While central to the SDG’s is ‘sustained and inclusive economic growth’ (UN 2015), the prioritization is on the economy, NOT the planet that nurtures both social and economic systems. Anthropocentrism, in this case, refers to the exclusive focus on short-term human benefits, whereas biodiversity loss is not considered a great moral wrong (Cafaro and Primack 2014). The three overarching anthropocentric SDG goals, economic growth, resilience, and inclusion, will be critically examined below and ways forward will be proposed. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319959801 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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