This paper proposes a Hybrid Microgrid (HμG) model including distributed generation (DG) and a hydrogen-based storage system, controlled through a tailored control strategy. The HμG is composed of three DG units, two of them supplied by solar and wind sources, and the latter one based on the exploitation of theProton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology. Furthermore, the system includes an alkaline electrolyser, which is used as a responsive load to balance the excess of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) production, and to produce the hydrogen that will be stored into the hydrogen tank and that will be used to supply the fuel cell in case of lack of generation. The main objectives of this work are to present a validated dynamic model for every component of the HμG and to provide a strategy to reduce as much as possible the power absorption from the grid by exploiting the VRES production. The alkaline electrolyser and PEM fuel cell models are validated through real measurements. The State of Charge (SoC) of the hydrogen tank is adjusted through an adaptive scheme. Furthermore, the designed supervisor power control allows reducing the power exchange and improving the system stability. Finally, a case, considering a summer load profile measured in an electrical substation of Politecnico di Torino, is presented. The results demonstrates the advantages of a hydrogen-based micro-grid, where the hydrogen is used as medium to store the energy produced by photovoltaic and wind systems, with the aim to improve the self-sufficiency of the system
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Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) have the potential to offer better flexibility to a grid than any single energy storage solution. However, sizing a HESS is challenging, as the required capacity, power and ramp rates for a given application are difficult to derive. This paper proposes a method for splitting a given load profile into several storage technology independent sub-profiles, such that each of the sub-profiles leads to its own requirements. This method can be used to gain preliminary insight into HESS requirements before a choice is made for specific storage technologies. To test the method, a household case is investigated using the derived methodology, and storage requirements are found, which can then be used to derive concrete storage technologies for the HESS of the household. Adding a HESS to the household case reduces the maximum import power from the connected grid by approximately 7000 W and the maximum exported power to the connected grid by approximately 1000 W. It is concluded that the method is particularly suitable for data sets with a high granularity and many data points.
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In PowerMatching City, the leading Dutch smart grid project, 40 households participated in a field laboratory designed for sustainable living. The participating households were equipped with various decentralized energy sources (PV and micro combined heat-power units), hybrid heat pumps, smart appliances, smart meters, and an in-home display. Stabilization and optimization of the network was realized by trading energy on the market. To reduce peak loads on the smart grid and to be able to make optimal use of the decentralized energy sources, two energy services were developed jointly with the end users: Smart Cost Savings enabled users to keep the costs of energy consumption as low as possible, and Sustainable Together enabled them to become a sustainable community. Furthermore, devices could be controlled automatically, smartly, or manually to optimize the energy use of the households. Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted to provide insight into the experiences and behaviours of end users. In this chapter, these experiences and behaviours are described. The chapter argues that end users: (1) prefer to consume self-produced energy, even when it is not the most efficient strategy to follow, (2) prefer feedback on costs over feedback on sustainability, and (3) prefer automatic and smart control, even though manual control of appliances felt most rewarding. Furthermore, we found that experiences and behaviours were fully dependent on trust between community members, and on trust in both technology (ICT infrastructure and connected appliances) and the participating parties.
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Het DC Laadplein wordt gezien als een mogelijke vervanger van AC laadpleinen, waarbij de potentie van de netaansluiting optimaal benut kan worden en meerdere voertuigen effectief kunnen worden opgeladen. In het project hebben Time Shift en de HvA het DC laadplein ontwikkeld, en heeft Time Shift parallel een eigen DC-laadpaal ontwikkeld.
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Een beroep leer je in het mbo op school én in de praktijk, tijdens de binnenschoolse praktijk, beroepspraktijkvorming en in hybride vormen. Heel mooi als dat niet twee verschillende werelden zijn. Een uitdaging van formaat is het daarom om leeromgevingen te ontwerpen op de grens van school en werk. Zoals allerlei varianten van werkplekleren, werkpleksimulaties en hybride leeromgevingen. Maar het is nog niet zo eenvoudig om de schoolse context en de werkcontext in dit soort leeromgevingen-op-de-grens optimaal met elkaar te verbinden.
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The SynergyS project aims to develop and assess a smart control system for multi-commodity energy systems (SMCES). The consortium, including a broad range of partners from different sectors, believes a SMCES is better able to incorporate new energy sources in the energy system. The partners are Hanze, TU Delft, University of Groningen, TNO, D4, Groningen Seaports, Emerson, Gain Automation Technology, Energy21, and Enshore. The project is supported by a Energy Innovation NL (topsector energie) subsidy by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.Groningen Seaports (Eemshaven, Chemical Park Delfzijl) and Leeuwarden are used as case studies for respectively an industrial and residential cluster. Using a market-based approach new local energy markets have been developed complementing the existing national wholesale markets. Agents exchange energy using optimized bidding strategies, resulting in better utilization of the assets in their portfolio. Using a combination of digital twins and physical assets from two field labs (ENTRANCE, The Green Village) performance of the SMCES is assessed. In this talk the smart multi-commodity energy system is presented, as well as some first results of the assessment. Finally an outlook is given how the market-based approach can benefit the development of energy hubs.
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Waar doen ze het toch van? Deze vraag stellen veel mensen zich als de buren (weer) een nieuwe auto kopen. Hoewel de vraag mogelijk een negatieve klank heeft, is het antwoord vaak verrassend positief. Hoe komen mensen aan geld en hoe gaan ze ermee om? Welke bronnen boren ze aan om aan geld te komen? Gaat het om werk, een eigen onderneming, een uitkering? Of zijn mensen creatiever door deze mogelijkheden te combineren? Of door op een meer informele manier inkomen te verwerven? Zien we iets over het hoofd? Laten cijfers waarover we beschikken de gehele werkelijkheid van de stad en de samenleving zien? De cijfers van bijvoorbeeld het CBS of de gemeente Den Haag geven een beeld, maar hoe betrouwbaar zijn deze cijfers? De werkelijkheid is mogelijk grilliger dan we denken te weten. Het kan zijn dat mensen in het dagelijks leven meer en andere inkomstenbronnen hebben dan die in de statistieken voorkomen. Beleid en dienstverlening zijn echter wel op deze cijfers gestoeld. Flexibilisering van de arbeidsmarkt leidt – vooral voor degenen die aangewezen zijn op de tijdelijke banen – tot een grillig en dynamisch inkomenspatroon. Inkomen uit loondienst, ondernemen en uitkeringen lopen steeds meer door elkaar. Er wordt steeds meer gecombineerd en nieuwe, hybride vormen van ondernemen zien we om ons heen. Vraag is of we die nieuwe werkelijkheid in beeld kunnen brengen. Om te weten of mensen inderdaad werk en ondernemen combineren of op andere manieren aanvullend inkomen proberen te verwerven, is besloten ze dat te vragen. Hiervoor vond onderzoek plaats in de buurt Laak Noord in de gemeente Den Haag in 2014/2015.
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