Er bestaat een nauwe samenhang tussen de smaak- en de reukperceptie.De smaakperceptie vindt plaats door smaakpapillen die zout, zuur, zoet, bitter en umami kunnen onderscheiden. Daarnaast kunnen 2.000-4.000 verschillende geuren worden herkend. Veel smaakstoornissen zijn in feite reukstoornissen. Speeksel beïnvloedt de smaakperceptie omdat het fungeert als oplosmiddel voor de smaakstoffen en omdat het de smaakreceptoren beschermt. Daarom leidt een vermindering van de speekselproductie gewoonlijk tot afname van de smaakperceptie, waarbij de concentratie van zinkionen en specifieke eiwitten in speeksel een belangrijke rol spelen. Ook zink- en ijzerdeficiëntie kunnen leiden tot verminderde smaak- en reukperceptie.
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Malnutrition is a frequent problem in patients with head and neck cancer. Prevention or timely treatment of malnutrition isof great importance because deteriorated nutritional status can have a negative effect on clinical outcome in head andneck cancer patients.Malnutrition is a multidimensional problem, in which a nutritional disbalance causes loss of weight and muscle mass, eitheror not accompanied by inflammatory activity, resulting in functional decline.Thus far, little is known about the role of physical activity in both the development and treatment of malnutrition in cancerpatients. Although positive effects of exercise on fatigue and quality of life have been reported, the relationship betweenphysical activity and prevention and treatment of malnutrition needs to be further elucidated.In this presentation, current insights and hypotheses on the relationship between physical activity and nutritional status inpatients with cancer will be discussed.
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the association between malnutrition and oral health in older people (≥ 60 years of age). A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed in four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and Embase) for literature from January 2000 to May 2020. Both observational and intervention studies were screened for eligibility. Two reviewers independently screened the search results to identify potential eligible studies, and assessed the methodological quality of the full-text studies. A total of 3240 potential studies were identified. After judgement for relevance, 10 studies (cross-sectional (n = 9), prospective cohort (n = 1)) met the inclusion criteria. Three studies described malnourished participants as having fewer teeth, or functional (tooth) units (FTUs), compared to well-nourished participants. Four studies reported soft tissue problems in malnourished participants, including red tongue with blisters, and dry or cracked lips. Subjective oral health was the topic in six studies, with poorer oral health and negative self-perception of oral health in malnourished elderly participants. There are associations between (at risk of) malnutrition and oral health in older people, categorized in hard and soft tissue conditions of the mouth, and subjective oral health. Future research should be focused on longitudinal cohort studies with proper determination of malnutrition and oral health assessments, in order to evaluate the actual association between malnutrition and oral health in older people.
