The obser-view is a method to generate data and create a learning space for both researcher and participants in qualitative research. It includes reflection between the two after the researcher has observed the participant. This article aims to reveal the benefits and challenges encountered when using the obser-view in two different research projects. In a Dutch project whose aim was to empower residents with dementia, in nursing homes the obser-view was used to generate data and create space for reflection which included residents and the family members. It showed that the obser-view cannot be finished when reflection does not happen. A Danish project with the aim to map the practice for inmates’ opportunities for education and job guidance highlighted that it made participants—educational prison leaders and teachers—aware they were doing their jobs by rote and showed the difficulties the researcher had trying to reflect with some participants. In both projects the obser-view created a learning space for participants. A benefit of the obser-view is that it can be used in dissimilar settings with different research purposes and with vulnerable and stigmatized people often excluded from the research. A challenge is for the researcher to reflect with participants, which is more likely to be successful if they have had time to develop a trusting relationship. Although the obser-view is a novel method in qualitative research, it has proved useful in different settings. It is a valuable method and we recommend developing it further in additional different settings with different populations.
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The focus of my research is how Bartholomeus Guesthouse (BG), founded in 1407 by Willem van Abcoude, has organized care over more than 600 years for the elderly and elderly sick people in the Centre of Utrecht. After the reorganization of 1817 -by Royal Law- the 7 (9) Guesthouses were merged to one Board called “College van Regenten der Vereenigde Gods-en Gasthuizen” .They have had their domicile in Bartholomeus Guesthouse. This Guesthouse survived as elderly care centre on particular foundation, which has meant until today that people from different religions were welcome. The properties of the other guesthouses came under supervision of the Board of “Vereenigde Gods-en Gasthuizen”. The heritage of the other foundations was , in terms of property and land, considerable. In my paper I will present the following items: -An inventarisation of the situation after 1817 and the ‘cameren’ (vrij woningen) of the different guesthouses in Utrecht and what their (living) conditions were at that time; -the Policy of the Board supervising the Free Houses/ Cameren for Elderly during this area; the observation of the archive manager S.Muller Fz.is good illustration of the situation in 1900; -the inhabitants of the ‘vrij woningen’; the selection and the rules as part of the social housing policy; - a more general analysis: the policy of poor relief and the debate of who had to take care of the poor? - all subjects give an answer to the question whether or not poor relief can be regarded as a safety valve for the (lower) middle class, in the ninetheenth century.
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Er is veel geschreven over de rol van sport in het bevorderen van sociaal, psycho‐ logisch en fysiek welbevinden van mensen. Deze literatuur is echter grotendeels gericht op het sociaal domein en daarbinnen veel op jonge mensen, maar weinig op contexten binnen een justitieel kader, bijvoorbeeld de gevangenis of reclasse‐ ring. De wetenschappelijke aandacht voor de meerwaarde van sport en bewegen voor delinquenten is beperkt. In een lopend onderzoeksproject onderzoeken wij de belangrijkste factoren om sport in te zetten ter bevordering van participatie van mensen in een kwetsbare positie (in detentie, de reclassering en de maatschappelijke opvang). Daarbinnen is een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd naar de meerwaarde van sport en bewegen, specifiek voor delinquenten. Dit betreft dus personen die binnen een justitieel kader sport- en beweegactiviteiten ondernemen of binnen een sportcontext re-integreren (denk bij dat laatste bijvoorbeeld aan vrijwilligerswerk op een sportclub in de laatste fase van detentie). In dit artikel wordt antwoord gegeven op de vraag: wat is in de literatuur bekend over de meerwaarde van sport en bewegen voor het reintegreren van delinquenten?
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The present study aims at understanding how individuals engage in organized crime activities. Processes responsible for organized crime involvement are still poorly understood, particularly for those who become engaged only later in life. In-depth interviews with 16 inmates, all convicted of participation in organized crime and incarcerated in Dutch prisons, illuminate how individuals at different life stages become involved in crime in general, and in organized crime activities in particular. Most participants we interviewed turn out to have experienced an adult onset in crime. Their involvement mechanisms are analysed and compared with mechanisms applicable to offenders with an early start in crime. It was found that offenders with an early start in crime have a wealth of opportunities and criminal contacts, whereas individuals who become involved in crime later in life are exposed to crime opportunities in conventional settings.
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In de periode oktober 2019 - juli 2020 heeft de Hogeschool Utrecht in opdracht van de drie reclasseringsorganisaties (3RO) een onderzoek uitgevoerd naar vrijwilligerswerk bij de reclassering. Doel van dit onderzoek is vast te stellen op welke wijze vrijwilligers van meerwaarde kunnen zijn voor de doelen van een reclasseringstraject. De aanleiding was dat de reclassering op meer structurele wijze invulling wilde gaan geven aan de inzet van vrijwilligers in de organisatie. Deze ambitie is in lijn met het Regeerakkoord 2017-2021, waarin staat dat bij de ten uitvoerlegging van straffen en maatregelen, resocialisatie en reclassering steviger worden gepositioneerd. In januari 2020 heeft de reclassering een visie ontwikkeld over hoe vrijwilligersinzet in het reclasseringswerk in de toekomst vormgegeven kan worden (Reclassering Nederland & Bureau Buitenland, 2020). In deze visie staat centraal welke samenwerkingsvorm met vrijwilligersorganisaties het meest geschikt zou zijn voor de reclassering. Naast dit inrichtingsvraagstuk wil de reclassering inhoudelijke vragen oppakken. Relevante vragen voor dit onderzoek zijn welke activiteiten vrijwilligers uitvoeren voor reclasseringscliënten en welke doelen zij daarmee beogen; op welke wijze vrijwilligers, professionals (reclasseringswerkers) en cliënten samenwerken en hoe zij deze samenwerking waarderen; welke meerwaarde vrijwilligers, professionals en cliënten ervaren ten aanzien van vrijwilligerswerk bij de reclassering en of er knelpunten zijn.
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Some of the most striking accounts of the inventive power of imagination come from former prisoners who have spent time in solitary confinement. In these testimonies, they relate how their imaginative capacity enabled them to keep their sanity, even in the most arduous circumstances. Somehow they managed to find a way to keep a very basic sense of social and cultural relations intact, by picturing themselves in a richer world than the one afforded by the concrete walls of the cell block. There is the astonishing story of the experience of the brothers Midhat, Bayazid, and Ali Bourequat who spent 18 years in a Moroccan prison. Here they were able to muster the power of imagination in a most dramatic way. The only way to survive their ordeal, according to their own testimonies (Hiddema B: De hel van Marokko: “We hebben Hassan beloofd te zwijgen”. De Groene, 7. https://www.groene.nl/artikel/de-hel-van-marokko-we-hebben-hassan-beloofd-te-zwijgen, 1994), was by imagining they were somewhere else. In their own 2-by-3-meter cells, the prisoners forgot about the thick walls locking them in and celebrated their birthdays, weddings, even births, and whatnot. Their minds were inexhaustible in creating diversions. One of them was by taking each other for walks in Paris. Gradually all the other inmates, sitting in their other dim-lighted prison cells, “walked” along with them. Thus they shut out reality completely: their world was what they invented. That was their salvation (This account is based on (Hiddema B: De hel van Marokko: “We hebben Hassan beloofd te zwijgen”. De Groene, 7. https://www.groene.nl/artikel/de-hel-van-marokko-we-hebben-hassan-beloofd-te-zwijgen, 1994, February 16)). It is this radical human ability to imagine worlds wholly other to the one that one is present in, which is foregrounded in the artful workshop that is the theme of this chapter.
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Background. Violent criminal offenders with personality disorders (PD’s) can cause immense harm, but are often deemed untreatable. This study aimed to conduct a randomized clinical trial to test the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy for rehabilitating offenders with PDs. Methods. We compared schema therapy (ST), an evidence-based psychotherapy for PDs, to treatment-as-usual (TAU) at eight high-security forensic hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients in both conditions received multiple treatment modalities and differed only in the individual, study-specific therapy they received. One-hundred-three male offenders with antisocial, narcissistic, borderline, or paranoid PDs, or Cluster B PD-not-otherwise specified, were assigned to 3 years of ST or TAU and assessed every 6 months. Primary outcomes were rehabilitation, involving gradual reintegration into the community, and PD symptoms. Results. Patients in both conditions showed moderate to large improvements in outcomes. ST was superior to TAU on both primary outcomes – rehabilitation (i.e. attaining supervised and unsupervised leave) and PD symptoms – and six of nine secondary outcomes, with small to moderate advantages over TAU. ST patients moved more rapidly through rehabilitation (supervised leave, treatment*time: F(5308) = 9.40, p < 0.001; unsupervised leave, treatment*- time: F(5472) = 3.45, p = 0.004), and showed faster improvements on PD scales (treatment*- time: t(1387) = −2.85, p = 0.005). Conclusions. These findings contradict pessimistic views on the treatability of violent offenders with PDs, and support the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy for rehabilitating these patients, facilitating their re-entry into the community
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Vaktherapie werkt aan tekorten/problemen met betrekking tot vier kerngebieden:zelfbeeld, emoties, cognitie en interactie. De vaktherapie richt zich op het opheffen of verminderen van tekorten met betrekking tot dynamisch criminogene factoren, anders gezegd: op risicofactoren uit de SAVRY (12‐18 jarigen) die een relatie hebben met de vier kerngebieden: ? voor het kerngebied zelfbeeld betreft dit de risicofactoren omgang met delinquente leeftijdsgenoten en negatieve opvattingen; ? voor het kerngebied emotie gaat het om de risicofactoren ervaren stress en copingvaardigheden, riskant gedrag/impulsiviteit en problemen bij omgaan met boosheid; ? voor het kerngebied interactie betreft het de risicofactoren omgang met delinquente leeftijdsgenoten, afwijzing door leeftijdsgenoten en gebrek aan berouw/empathie; ? voor het kerngebeid cognitie tenslotte gaat het om de risicofactoren afwijzing door leeftijdsgenoten, negatieve opvattingen en aandachtstekort hyperactiviteitprobleem
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The HCR-20V3 is a violence risk assessment tool that is widely used in forensic clinical practice for risk management planning. The predictive value of the tool, when used in court for legal decisionmaking, is not yet intensively been studied and questions about legal admissibility may arise. This article aims to provide legal and mental health practitioners with an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the HCR-20V3 when applied in legal settings. The HCR-20V3 is described and discussed with respect to its psychometric properties for different groups and settings. Issues involving legal admissibility and potential biases when conducting violence risk assessments with the HCR-20V3 are outlined. To explore legal admissibility challenges with respect to the HCR-20V3, we searched case law databases since 2013 from Australia, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. In total, we found 546 cases referring to the HCR-20/HCR-20V3. In these cases, the tool was rarely challenged (4.03%), and when challenged, it never resulted in a court decision that the risk assessment was inadmissible. Finally, we provide recommendations for legal practitioners for the cross-examination of risk assessments and recommendations for mental health professionals who conduct risk assessments and report to the court. We conclude with suggestions for future research with the HCR-20V3 to strengthen the evidence base for use of the instrument in legal contexts.
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How to create personas to improve designs for behaviour change strategies in the public domain? Three recent cases illustrate lessons learnt and challenges encountered during persona development in the public domain. Personas were helpful to gain insight into diversity within a target group, to create empathy for its members, and to have a shared understanding when communicating about them. The main challenges encountered were 1) capturing complex behaviour with personas, as the behaviours involved were variable over time, the (legislative) environment in motion, and the target groups diverse; 2) finding the right balance between intuitive vs. evidence-based decision-making, a process we coined “taking a responsible leap of faith”; and 3) transferring personas to third parties, as free sharing of insights and tools is common in the public domain. Validation plays an important role in personas’ transferability. We call for all involved researchers to share experiences with using the persona methodology in the public domain, in order to tackle the challenges, and to create a more standardised way of developing personas.
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