Integrated curricula seem promising for the increase of attention on science and technology in primary education. A clear picture of the advantages and disadvantages of integration efforts could help curriculum innovation. This review has focussed on integrated curricula in primary education from 1994 to 2011. The integrated curricula were categorized according to a taxonomy of integration types synthesized from the literature. The characteristics that we deemed important were related to learning outcomes and success/fail factors. A focus group was formed to facilitate the process of analysis and to test tentative conclusions. We concluded that the levels in our taxonomy were linked to (a) student knowledge and skills, the enthusiasm generated among students and teachers, and the teacher commitment that was generated; and (b) the teacher commitment needed, the duration of the innovation effort, the volume and comprehensiveness of required teacher professional development, the necessary teacher support, and the effort needed to overcome tensions with standard curricula. Almost all projects were effective in increasing the time spent on science at school. Our model resolves Czerniac’s definition problem of integrating curricula in a productive manner, and it forms a practical basis for decision-making by making clear what is needed and what output can be expected when plans are being formulated to implement integrated education.
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Het ontwikkelen van geïntegreerde curricula waarin onderwijs, onderzoek en beroepspraktijk samenkomen, vraagt om het bijeenbrengen van expertise op elk van deze vlakken. Binnen het Comenius Leadership Project To Create Tomorrow Together ontwerpen teams van docenten, onderzoekers en studenten in co-creatie geïntegreerde curricula. Deze posterpresentatie richt zich op de ervaringen van elk van de drie groepen deelnemers met de samenwerking in het co-creatieproces. De resultaten volgen uit een kwalitatieve analyse van semi-gestructureerde interviews met vier teams (N=23). De overeenkomsten en verschillen in de ervaringen van deze groepen belichten obstakels én kansen in dit type samenwerking. Deze kennis kan handvatten bieden voor het effectief opzetten en ondersteunen van co-creatieprocessen. Implicaties voor het faciliteren van dit type samenwerking worden besproken.
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The paradigm of collaborative health care delivery drove the development of interprofessional competency frameworks (ICFs). The Train4Health project, funded by the Erasmus+ program, aims to improve healthcare students’ competencies in behaviour change support to optimize self-care in chronic diseases. As part of this project, we surveyed the landscape of ICFs in health. Our aim was to characterize ICFs in health and its translation into learning outcomes embedded in academic curricula. An integrative review was conducted between March and September 2020 based on a predefined protocol. The search was performed in EBSCO, B-On, Scopus, Web of Science and Joanna Briggs Institute databases. Four articles were eligible, describing ICFs in different domains in health, such as digital healthcare environment, simulation and genetic healthcare. Generally, ICFs were planned and developed by a committee. Students were involved in all four ICFs. These frameworks supported the development of learning outcomes-based curricula, organized in a tiered or straightforward structure, with different learning outcomes depending on their complexity and specialization level. Despite the overlap in some areas across health professions, we found only four ICFs that can guide collaborative education and are linked to learning outcomes. Pursuing this integrated approach, ideally resorting to structured scientific methods, may facilitate competencies attainment and merits further attention.
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In de Solution Rooms bespreken studenten, docenten, beleidsmakers en onderzoekers uitdagingen en oplossingsrichtingen voor het vervolgonderwijs van de toekomst. Eén van de thema's is 'Duurzaamheid', waar Rolien Blanken een wetenschappelijke reflectie over schreef. Twee problemen zijn geïdentificeerd bij doorvoeren van duurzaamheid binnen de instelling en het onderwijs: de complexiteit van het vraagstuk enerzijds en draagvlak en effecten op de studenten anderzijds. Dit bemoeilijkt het duurzaamheidsproces. Inzetten op het gebruik maken van meetinstrumenten voor verduurzaming van curricula, transdisciplinair- en sectoroverstijgend werken en duurzaam burgerschap als uitgangspunt voor studentontwikkeling kunnen helpen om tot een succesvolle verduurzaming te komen. Aandacht voor duurzaamheid in het onderwijs kent een hoge mate van urgentie. De student ervaart hierbij negatieve invloed op het welzijn. Tegelijkertijd is verduurzaming een complex proces. Het doorvoeren van regeneratief onderwijs kan helpen bij het aangaan van genoemde uitdagingen. Naast het meten van de duurzaamheid van het curriculum is aan te bevelen breder in de organisatie duurzaamheid te meten en door te voeren. Het werken met integrated reporting kan hierin bijdragen. Transdisciplinair en sectoroverstijgend werken is een goede oplossing om duurzaamheidstransities te bereiken. Dit kan men toepassen door te werken in labs. In deze omgevingen zijn diverse stakeholders betrokken en kan de student zijn rol als wereldburger hier in co-creatie vervullen.
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Background: Nurses play an important role in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Curricula related to pharmaceutical care, however, vary a lot. Mapping the presence of pharmaceutical care related domains and competences in nurse educational programs can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market. The aim of this study was to describe 1) the presence of pharmaceutical care oriented content in nursing curricula at different educational levels and 2) nursing students' perceived readiness to provide nurse pharmaceutical care in practice. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used. Nursing schools in 14 European countries offering educational programs for levels 4-7 students were approached between January and April 2021. Through an online survey final year students had to indicate to what extent pharmaceutical care topics were present in their curriculum. Results: A total of 1807 students participated, of whom 8% had level 4-5, 80% level 6, 12% level 7. Up to 84% of the students indicated that pharmaceutical care content was insufficiently addressed in their curriculum. On average 14% [range 0-30] felt sufficiently prepared to achieve the required pharmaceutical care competences in practice. In level 5 curricula more pharmaceutical care domains were absent compared with other levels. Conclusions: Although several pharmaceutical care related courses are present in current curricula of level 4-7 nurses, its embedding should be extended. Too many students perceive an insufficient preparation to achieve pharmaceutical care competences required in practice. Existing gaps in pharmaceutical care should be addressed to offer more thoroughly prepared nurses to the labour market.
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An investigation in the learning effects of integrated development projects. In two subsequent semesters the students were asked how they rated their competencies at the start of the project as well as at the end of it. The students voluntarily filled out a questionnaire. After the last questionnaire a number of students were also interviewed in order to learn more about their perceptions. It was a remarkable outcome of these interviews that a lot of students tended to give themselves lower ratings in the end if they met any difficulties in for instance communication or co-operation during the project. Then the questionnaire showed a decrease in the student's ratings, while anyone else would say the student did learn something after recognizing these difficulties. It required a different interpretation of the outcomes of the questionnaires. The investigation showed that co-operating in general and in multidisciplinary teams in particular, co-operating with companies and also working according to plans are the four objectives that are recognized mostly by the students. The factors that actually contribute to, or block, the learning effects remained unknown yet.
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The shortage for ICT personal in the EU is large and expected to increase. The aim of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the roles and competences needed, so that education curricula can be better aligned to evolving market demand by answering the research question: Which competence gaps do we need to bridge in order to meet the future need for sufficiently qualified personnel in the EU Software sector? In this research, a mixed method approach was executed in twelve European countries, to map the current and future needs for competences in the EU. The analyses shows changes in demand regarding technical skills, e.g. low-code and a stronger focus on soft skills like communication and critical thinking. Besides this, the research showed educational institutes would do well to develop their curricula in a practical way by integration of real live cases and work together with organizations.
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Design schools in digital media and interaction design face the challenge of integrating recent artificial intelligence (AI) advancements into their curriculum. To address this, curricula must teach students to design both "with" and "for" AI. This paper addresses how designing for AI differs from designing for other novel technologies that have entered interaction design education. Future digital designers must develop new solution repertoires for intelligent systems. The paper discusses preparing students for these challenges, suggesting that design schools must choose between a lightweight and heavyweight approach toward the design of AI. The lightweight approach prioritises designing front-end AI applications, focusing on user interfaces, interactions, and immediate user experience impact. This requires adeptness in designing for evolving mental models and ethical considerations but is disconnected from a deep technological understanding of the inner workings of AI. The heavyweight approach emphasises conceptual AI application design, involving users, altering design processes, and fostering responsible practices. While it requires basic technological understanding, the specific knowledge needed for students remains uncertain. The paper compares these approaches, discussing their complementarity.
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Background: Despite the growing importance of eHealth it is not consistently embedded in the curricula of functional exercise and physical therapy education. Insight in barriers and facilitators for embedding eHealth in education is required for the development of tailored strategies to implement eHealth in curricula. This study aims to identify barriers/facilitators perceived by teachers and students of functional exercise/physical therapy for uptake of eHealth in education. Methods: A qualitative study including six focus groups (two with teachers/four with students) was conducted to identify barriers/facilitators. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed in full. Reported barriers and facilitators were identified, grouped and classified using a generally accepted framework for implementation including the following categories: innovation, individual teacher/student, social context, organizational context and political and economic factors. Results: Teachers (n = 11) and students (n = 24) of functional exercise/physical therapy faculties of two universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands participated in the focus groups. A total of 109 barriers/facilitators were identified during the focus groups. Most related to the Innovation category (n = 26), followed by the individual teacher (n = 22) and the organization (n = 20). Teachers and students identified similar barriers/facilitators for uptake of eHealth in curricula: e.g. unclear concept of eHealth, lack of quality and evidence for eHealth, (lack of) capabilities of students/teachers on how to use eHealth, negative/positive attitude of students/teachers towards eHealth. Conclusion: The successful uptake of eHealth in the curriculum of functional exercise/physical therapists needs a systematic multi-facetted approach considering the barriers and facilitators for uptake identified from the perspective of teachers and students. A relatively large amount of the identified barriers and facilitators were overlapping between teachers and students. Starting points for developing effective implementation strategies can potentially be found in those overlapping barriers and facilitators.
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A five-year experiment of collaborative curriculum design teams including lecturers, students and researchers in Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences in nine disciplines, has led to a deepened insight in its complexity. Three ambitions were central in the longitudinal project funded by the Ministry of Education: cross-stakeholder-collaboration, the integration of research in bachelor programs, and systematic curriculum design. Curriculum co-design of students, lecturers and researchers offers opportunities for more meaningful innovations, while adding to the complexity of the design process (Bovill, et. al., 2016 Cook-Sather, et al., 2014 Healey and Healey, 2018). Ideally, each team commits to making a difference and therefore creates a social learning space by mutually engaging uncertainty (Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner, 2020). But how to make such a collective effort? The further integration of research in professional bachelor programs aimed to better educate our students as future professionals in a hypercomplex world (Barnett, 2012). But realizing this integration is not straightforward at all (Markauskaite & Goodyear, 2017 Young & Muller, 2014). Existing conceptual frameworks, such as from Brew (2012) and Healey (2005) need to be collectively learned, interpreted and adapted, and often the current body of knowledge did not provide any direction for research integration (see also Griffioen, Groen, & Nak, 2019). Finally, to increase the quality of the curriculum design processes, teams were stimulated to apply the Curriculum Spiderweb by Van den Akker (2003), which showed to be a useful instrument, but its usage also showed the high complexity of curriculum design as such, let alone collectively. The combined complexity of the multifaceted processes of curriculum design, the co-creative setup, and the ambition to further integrate research into the curriculum has shown to be a challenging endeavor. Still, these challenges the SoTL community needs to get to grips with to increase the quality of higher education.
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