While criminality is digitizing, a theory-based understanding of the impact of cybercrime on victims is lacking. Therefore, this study addresses the psychological and financial impact of cybercrime on victims, applying the shattered assumptions theory (SAT) to predict that impact. A secondary analysis was performed on a representative data set of Dutch citizens (N = 33,702), exploring the psychological and financial impact for different groups of cybercrime victims. The results showed a higher negative impact on emotional well-being for victims of person-centered cybercrime, victims for whom the offender was an acquaintance, and victims whose financial loss was not compensated and a lower negative impact on emotional well-being for victims with a higher income. The study led to novel scientific insights and showed the applicability of the SAT for developing hypotheses about cybercrime victimization impact. In this study, most hypotheses had to be rejected, leading to the conclusion that more work has to be done to test the applicability of the SAT in the field of cybercrime. Furthermore, policy implications were identified considering the prioritization of and approach to specific cybercrimes, treatment of victims, and financial loss compensation.
MULTIFILE
Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examines the explanatory role of students' perceived need satisfaction and need frustration in the relationship between performance grading (versus non-grading) and students' motivation and fear in a real-life educational physical education setting. Grading consisted of teacher judgments of students' performances through observations, based on pre-defined assessment criteria. Thirty-one classes with 409 students (Mage = 14.7) from twenty-seven Flemish (Belgian) secondary schools completed questionnaires measuring students' perceived motivation, fear and psychological need satisfaction and frustration, after two lessons: one with and one without performance grading. After lessons including performance grading, students reported less intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and more external regulation, amotivation and fear. As expected, less need satisfaction accounted for (i.e., mediated) the relationship between performance grading and self-determined motivational outcomes. Need frustration explained the relationship between performance grading and intrinsic motivation, as well as less self-determined motivational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
In this thesis several studies are presented that have targeted decision making about case management plans in probation. In a case management plan probation officers describe the goals and interventions that should help offenders stop reoffending, and the specific measures necessary to reduce acute risks of recidivism and harm. Such a plan is embedded in a judicial framework, a sanction or advice about the sanction in which these interventions and measures should be executed. The topic of this thesis is the use of structured decision support, and the question is if this can improve decision making about case management plans in probation and subsequently improve the effectiveness of offender supervision. In this chapter we first sketch why structured decision making was introduced in the Dutch probation services. Next we describe the instrument for risk and needs assessment as well as the procedure to develop case management plans that are used by the Dutch probation services and that are investigated in this thesis. Then we describe the setting of the studies and the research questions, and we conclude with an overview of this thesis.
Het doel van dit project is het slimmer scoren in de fysiotherapeutische zorg door gebruik te maken van PROMIS Computer Adaptive Testing. De verschuiving van acute naar chronische zorg, de toename van evidence based handelen, het (h)erkennen van het belang van het perspectief van de patiënt en de opkomst van value based health care heeft geleid tot het meten van patiënt gerapporteerde uitkomsten, meestal in de vorm van vragenlijsten (Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Fysiotherapeuten blijken het belang van de meetinstrumenten wel te (h)erkennen, maar met name de tijdsinvestering en de veelheid van vragenlijsten te groot vinden om de instrumenten consequent te gebruiken. Fysiotherapeuten vragen dan ook “Help ons met kortere en meer relevante vragenlijsten die klinisch inzetbaar en betekenisvol zijn in de praktijk en elkaar niet overlappen“. Het Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systeem (PROMIS) is ontwikkeld om beperkingen van klassieke PROMs op te lossen door gebruik te maken van Item Response Theory en Computer Adaptive Testing en geldt als de nieuwe gouden standaard voor het (slimmer) meten en scoren van PROs in de zorg. Tot dusver blijken de Engelstalige PROMIS instrumenten meer valide, betrouwbaarder en responsiever is dan alle bestaande PROMs. Voor de Nederlandstalige versies zijn de betrouwbaarheid en responsiviteit van voor de fysiotherapie belangrijke PROMIS instrumenten nog niet bekend. Het is ook onbekend of fysiotherapeuten de PROMIS instrumenten beter hanteerbaar vinden dan de traditionele PROMs. Omdat betrouwbaarheid en responsiviteitsscores in belangrijke mate bijdragen aan de hanteerbaarheid en interpretatie van meetinstrumenten moeten deze eigenschappen eerst worden uitgezocht. Wij maken gebruik van 5 werkpakketten: WP1 is een test-hertest studie (betrouwbaarheid) van de PROMIS instrumenten, WP2 is een responsiviteit studie van de PROMIS instrumenten, WP3 is een feasibility studie van de PROMIS instrumenten, WP4 is ontwikkeling van scholing en WP5 is de evaluatie van de scholing.
