Rational prescribing is essential for the quality of health care. However, many final-year medical students and junior doctors lack prescribing competence to perform this task. The availability of a list of medicines that a junior doctor working in Europe should be able to independently prescribe safely and effectively without supervision could support and harmonize teaching and training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) in Europe. Therefore, our aim was to achieve consensus on such a list of medicines that are widely accessible in Europe. For this, we used a modified Delphi study method consisting of three parts. In part one, we created an initial list based on a literature search. In part two, a group of 64 coordinators in CPT education, selected via the Network of Teachers in Pharmacotherapy of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, evaluated the accessibility of each medicine in his or her country, and provided a diverse group of experts willing to participate in the Delphi part. In part three, 463 experts from 24 European countries were invited to participate in a 2-round Delphi study. In total, 187 experts (40%) from 24 countries completed both rounds and evaluated 416 medicines, 98 of which were included in the final list. The top three Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code groups were (1) cardiovascular system (n = 23), (2) anti-infective (n = 21), and (3) musculoskeletal system (n = 11). This European List of Key Medicines for Medical Education could be a starting point for country-specific lists and could be used for the training and assessment of CPT.
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Vlees eten is geworteld in onze eetcultuur. Het minderen van vlees vraagt tijd. Ondanks campagnes die plantaardige diëten promoten eet volgens CBS nog zo’n 95% van de Nederlanders vlees, en de meeste daarvan doen dat meerdere keren per week als een stukje vlees bij de maaltijd. Om op kortere termijn een verschil te maken, zal het stimuleren van consumentenkeuzes voor duurzaam geproduceerd vlees in belangrijke mate bijdragen aan “minder en beter”. Dit vraagt om specifieke tactieken, wetende dat consumenten in hun gedrag niet altijd doen dan wat hun intentie is met betrekking tot duurzaamheid: de wil is er, maar vertaalt zich onvoldoende in koopgedrag. Om dit te overkomen zijn marketinginterventies nodig die de capaciteit, gelegenheid en motivatie van consumenten verhogen/versterken. Deze rapportage bevat de resultaten – op hoofdlijnen – van een kwalitatief onderzoek, waarin types en empathy maps van verschillende consumententypen en hun meest onderscheidende variabelen in kaart zijn gebracht.
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Het tweejarige onderzoeksprogramma The Network is the Message richt zich op de effectiviteit van sociale media: wanneer zijn sociale media effectief, wat bepaalt die effectiviteit en hoe kunnen we dit meten? Startpunt in deze management summary van thema 2 ‘meten is nog niet weten’ is het inzicht dat het allemaal begint met doelstellingen. Doelstellingen zijn van essentieel belang om te kunnen bepalen of je succes hebt of niet. En bij doelstellingen horen Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s), met een set zorgvuldig geselecteerde metrics die de beste bijdrage leveren om die doelstellingen in kaart te brengen. Op die manier kun je ook bepalen of je je tijd en middelen goed inzet en je misschien effectiever zou zijn deze door deze anders te verdelen.
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The purpose is to give an overview of the extent, range and nature of existing definitions of the concept ‘ageing in place’. Providing such an overview may be helpful, for policy makers, researchers, communities and service providers, to make sense of the versatility and uses of the concept, and allow the improvement and increase the success of efforts to contribute to the quality of life of older people. The overview was created using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. Out of 3,692 retrieved articles, 34 met the inclusion criteria. These studies concentrate on the following five key themes concerning ‘ageing in place’: ‘ageing in place’ in relation to place, to social networks, to support, to technology and to personal characteristics. Each of these key themes consists of other aspects, like physical place and attachment to place for the keyword place. This study concludes that the concept ‘ageing in place’ is broad and can be viewed from different (i.e. five) key themes. A more thorough understanding of ‘ageing in place’ provides knowledge about the existing key themes and aspects. These findings might provide practical support for professionals and governments when they develop their policies about ‘ageing in place’ integrally and to develop fit policies.
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Vlees eten is geworteld in onze eetcultuur. Het minderen van vlees vraagt tijd. Ondanks campagnes die plantaardige diëten promoten eet volgens CBS nog zo’n 95% Nederlanders vlees, en de meeste daarvan doen dat meerdere keren per week als een stukje vlees bij de maaltijd. Om op kortere termijn een verschil te maken, zal het stimuleren van consumentenkeuzes voor duurzaam geproduceerd vlees in belangrijke mate bijdragen aan ‘minder en beter’. Dit vraagt om specifieke tactieken, wetende dat consumenten in hun gedrag niet altijd doen dan wat hun intentie is met betrekking tot duurzaamheid: de wil is er, maar vertaalt zich onvoldoende in koopgedrag. Om dit te overkomen zijn marketinginterventies nodig die de capaciteit, gelegenheid en motivatie van consumenten verhogen/versterken. Deze rapportage bevat de resultaten – op hoofdlijnen – van een kwantitatieve segmentatiestudie onder Nederlandse vleeskopende consumenten
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Business decisions and business logic are an important part of an organization’s daily activities. In the not so near past they were modelled as integrative part of business processes, however, during the last years, they are managed as a separate entity. Still, decisions and underlying business logic often remain a black box. Therefore, the call for transparency increases. Current theory does not provide a measurable and quantitative way to measure transparency for business decisions. This paper extends the understanding of different views on transparency with regards to business decisions and underlying business logic and presents a framework including Key Transparency Indicators (KTI) to measure the transparency of business decisions and business logic. The framework is validated by means of an experiment using case study data. Results show that the framework and KTI’s are useful to measure transparency. Further research will focus on further refinement of the measurements as well as further validation of the current measurements.
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The Netherlands are one of the frontrunners in stimulating electric mobility in Europe when it comes to the charging infrastructure density and electric vehicle adoption. Municipalities play an instrumental role in the rollout of public charging infrastructure while they have little insight in the relevant key performance indicators of the charging infrastructure as a means to support effective decision making. This paper aims to contribute to providing a more thorough understanding of relevant key performance indicators for public charging infrastructure. An approach is presented that explores result and performance indicators to support policy makers optimizing the roll out of and improvement of the business case for charging infrastructure.
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This book walks students through the selection and application of research methods within tourism. The authors introduce the relevant language and theory of key methodologies and then develop them using strategic literature review and the inclusion of international examples which relate directly to tourism. The historical and philosophical context of each method is then carefully laid out alongside the practical application of the technique. Each concept sets the historical and philosophical context of a method alongside the practical application of the technique.
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This paper aims to offer a critical reflection on the way Talent Management (TM) is investigated in practice, by addressing the key issues regarding the quality (in terms of rigor and relevance) of academic empirical TM research and therefore the critical scrutiny of TM scholars’ work. We will argue that despite the growth in the quantity, the quality of many empirical TM papers is lagging behind and hindering the progress of the academic field of TM.
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