This book brings together the opening addresses of the first four professors of theCentre of Applied Labour Market Research and Innovation at Hanze UniversityGroningen, the Netherlands. The Centre started in 2008.
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The main objective of this report is to analyse and inform about international labour mobility, particularly within Europe, from the perspective of the Dutch Health and Social Care Sector. The report starts by describing the introduction of a new care system in The Netherlands. The government does not participate directly in the actual provision of care. This is a task principally for private care suppliers. Furthermore, the legal position of the Health and Social Care professions, regulated through the Individual Health Care Professions Act, and questions like the international recognition of degrees and the evaluation of foreign diplomas are discussed. This is followed by a clarification of the Dutch education system, particularly, relating to the study of medicine, nursing education and social work education. Subsequently, some core data on the ageing Dutch population are presented. The grey pressure increases and this will have an impact on health spending, health support and the future labour market. Then what follows is a description of the development of employment in the Dutch Health and Social Care Sector, per branch as well as the professions that are engaged in it. The general picture, at this moment, is that the Health and Social Care labour market is reasonably in balance. This trend will continue in the near future; shortages are expected only in the long term. All research done on the subject indicates that international mobility of medical and social professionals is still low in the Netherlands. The question remains whether a more active recruitment policy would be a solution for the expected long term shortages. The report concludes with a look at recruitment policy and some of its developments at the global, national and local level.
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High Performance Organization (HPO) characteristics indicate why an organization is able to achieve significantly better results than other organizations and these characteristics can facilitate associations to optimize employees’ work outcomes. The independent professional (IP) is an increasingly occurring phenomenon in the labor market that fulfils an organizations’ need for flexibility in knowledge productivity. This study focuses on the contribution of HPO characteristics to the knowledge productivity of IP's. It was conducted among managers and HRM professionals in various Dutch knowledge-intensive organizations that frequently enlist the services of IPs. This study found a number of HPO attributes that appeared to contribute to the IPs' knowledge productivity, namely the quality of management, an open and actionfocused organizational culture, and continual improvement and innovation. We will use these results to look ahead and consider the future consequences for professional practice. Managers and HRM professionals should strive to contribute to the incorporation of these characteristics within the organization in order to safeguard and enhance knowledge productivity of independent professionals.
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Despite the efforts of governments and firms, the construction industry is trailing other industries in labour productivity. Construction companies are interested in increasing their labour productivity, particularly when demand grows and construction firms cope with labour shortages. Off-site construction has proved to be a favourable policy to increase labour productivity. However, a complete understanding of the factors affecting construction labour productivity is lacking, and it is unclear which factors are influenced by off-site construction. This study developed a conceptual model describing how 15 factors influence the construction process and make a difference in labour productivity between off-site and on-site construction. The conceptual model shows that all 15 factors affect labour productivity in three ways: through direct effects, indirect effects and causal loops. The model is a starting point for further research to determine the impact of off-site construction on labour productivity.
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This paper addresses one important mechanism through which the EU tries to improve the operation of its labour markets: the opening up of national borders for free worker movement within the EU. Free worker movement is a fundamental EU right; but EU enlargement begged the question of how and when to allow complete free movement to workers from those new Member States. The EU agreed upon a transitional period of up to 7 years after accession of eight new Middle and Eastern European States (EU-8) on May 1st, 2004. Duringthis transitional period Member States may apply certain restrictions on the free movement of workers from, to and between these new Member States. By 2012, all such restrictions will have been abolished. A similar procedure applies regarding the accession of two additional new Member States on January 1st, 2007. Only three of the fifteen incumbent EU Member States at the time (EU-15) chose to immediately allow free movement from workers from the EU-8. The other twelve maintained their work permit systems, albeit with some modifications. Since, some (e.g. Germany) have already decided to keep such barriers in place until 2012. The Netherlands has kept a work permit system in place up to May 1st, 2007. At that time it abolished that system and effectively extended free worker movement to include workers from the EU-8. This makes the Dutch case, at this point in time, an interesting case for which to analyse the process and effects of increased free labour movement into a national labourmarket. This paper discusses the evolution of (temporary) work migration from EU-8 countries into the Netherlands. It first addresses the flexicurity nature of EU policies towards labour market integration and towards the inclusion of new EU countries in that process. It subsequentely reviews the three socio-legal regimes that can currently apply to work performed for Dutch firms Netherlands by workers from the EU-8 (which, now, is that same as that applies for workers from the EU-15): wage employment; employment through temporary employment agencies; and self-employment. It then discusses the development of the volume of work performed by citizens from the EU-8 in the Netherlands, and socio-economic effects for both the migrant workers and Dutch society and economy. It concludes with a discussion of challenges (or the lack thereof) that this increased free movement of foreign labour caused and causes for Dutch institutions.
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Multinational enterprises (MNEs) have become global players in the current globalized labour market and their economic activities are no longer territorially limited, but they extend in different countries, thereby leading to the development of global supply chains. Against this background, companies’ operations are increasingly conducted by foreign subsidiaries and they are being outsourced to business partners worldwide. In both cases, lower working conditions and production costs in foreign countries are one of the driving factors leading to this business choice.
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This report is entitled ‘Business Trends: Implications for Work and the Organization’. It includes the preliminary results of the study based on developments in the economic domain and the implications for work and the organization, carried out by the Business Research Centre (BRC) at Inholland University of Applied Science.
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From the conference paper : "The authors examined how to improve the total (onsite and offsite) labour productivity of production and assembling of fast retrofitting concepts in the Netherlands. The authors analysed the collected data of two NetZero energy renovations in which the initial process were quite traditional. In the first case the labour productivity can increase spectacularly by prefabricating the roof. In the second case the providers modernized the process by working in multi-disciplinary teams. No evidence have been found that working in a multi-disciplinary team can increase the labour productivity but the time for realization did decrease."
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"Despite many efforts, people with a refugee background still have great difficulties to find a job on the Dutch labour market. This has adverse consequences for the economic independence of people with a refugee background, their social connections, personal development, health and general well-being, but also for employers as well as society in general. There are many sectors in the Dutch labour market with large, structural labor shortages, while at the same time much talent remains untapped. Meanwhile, more and more social enterprises in the Netherlands are stepping into this void, with the explicit goal to facilitate access to the labour market for people with a vulnerable position, including people with a refugee background. Consequently, these so-called work integration social enterprises (WISEs) are — by far — the dominant type of social enterprises in the Netherlands. Although the diversity between WISEs in terms of economic sectors, specific target groups and business models is large, the way in which they organize their key activities can serve as an example for regular employers, who still tend to think in problems rather than opportunities when it comes to employing people with a refugee background. At the same time, the impact of these social enterprises still remains relatively limited in comparison to the scale of the societal challenge. The aim of this study therefore is twofold: 1) to obtain a better understanding of the role of WISEs with regard to the sustainable labor participation of refugees, and 2) to assess the ways in which WISEs can scale their societal impact with respect to labour participation of refugees. These conference proceedings focus in particular on (new) forms of collaboration between WISEs and regular employers that aim to become more inclusive employers."
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De loopbaan van mannen wordt beperkt als ze kiezen voor een werkweek van 4 keer 9 uur, maar vrouwen profiteren juist van zo’n indeling. Dat is een conclusie van het arbeidsmarktonderzoek van economisch geograaf Inge Noback. Uit het onderzoek blijkt verder dat het aantal gewerkte uren per week voor beide seksen nog altijd daalt. Noback: ‘Als de overheid zich zorgen maakt over vergrijzing moet ze niet alleen de pensioenleeftijd verhogen, maar ook meer uren werken op de agenda zetten.’ Noback promoveert op 27 oktober 2011 aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. Voor haar onderzoek naar de verschillen in loopbaanontwikkeling tussen mannen en vrouwen dook Noback in de administratie van een groot Nederlands bedrijf. Door met een loep te kijken hoe de carrière van mannen en vrouwen zich ontwikkelde, gerelateerd aan het aantal uren dat zij werkten, vond zij uit dat de seksen naar verschillende maatstaven worden beoordeeld: ‘Omdat het om één bedrijf gaat kun je niet generaliseren, maar je ziet wel hoe processen werken. Het blijkt dat vier dagen van negen uur voor mannen niet werkt. Zij worden geacht altijd beschikbaar te zijn. Als ze er één dag van de week niet zijn, worden ze daarop afgerekend. Voor vrouwen ligt dat anders, omdat men er toch al van uitgaat dat ze parttime werken. Zij kwamen dus sneller vooruit.’ Regionale verschillen Het onderzoek naar de verschillen in carrière is maar één onderdeel in het arbeidsmarktonderzoek. Noback keek bijvoorbeeld ook naar de regionale verschillen in arbeidsparticipatie. Vrouwen in een stedelijke omgeving blijken vaker en langer te werken dan hun seksegenoten op het platteland. Mannen werken in steden juist minder. Een andere opvallende conclusie is dat vrouwen van werk weerhouden worden niet alleen door zorg voor kinderen, maar ook die voor ouderen in de omgeving. Kinderen In Nederland hebben weliswaar relatief veel vrouwen een baan, maar gemiddeld werken ze veel minder uren dan vrouwen in de meeste andere Europese landen. Ook mannen werken steeds minder uren, zeker na de geboorte van het eerste kind, stelde Noback vast. Dat kan niet lang zo doorgaan, verwacht ze: ‘De overheid moet zorgen voor langere werkweken, want met alleen het verhogen van de pensioenleeftijd redden we het niet. Er is dus meer kinderopvang nodig. Nu zijn kinderen nog allesbepalend voor de loopbaan van vrouwen en eigenlijk is dat helemaal niet vanzelfsprekend. Natuurlijk heb je vrouwen met jonge kinderen die daarvoor een periode willen thuisblijven. Dat moeten ze vooral doen, maar dat hoeft niet de hele loopbaan te bepalen.’ Vingerafdruk Er zijn veel geaggregeerde gegevens beschikbaar over de arbeidsmarkt en ook over arbeidsparticipatie van mannen en vrouwen. Het CBS, de UWV en andere instanties publiceren ze met grote regelmaat. Dat veel vrouwen in Nederland een parttimebaan hebben, maar per saldo minder uren werken dan seksegenoten in veel andere landen is bekend, evenals de trend dat zowel mannen als vrouwen steeds minder werken. Maar Noback kreeg voor haar onderzoek unieke gegevens tot haar beschikking: ‘Ik mocht rondsnuffelen in de microdata van het CBS. Dat betekent geanonimiseerde informatie over tien miljoen individuele banen, en heel specifieke informatie over de dynamiek in bijvoorbeeld het aantal gewerkte uren. In tegenstelling tot de survey data is dat echt nieuw. Je mag ze alleen bekijken, je krijgt toegang vanaf je laptop met een vingerafdruk, dankzij een programma dat ze bij je thuis komen installeren. Echt heel bijzonder.’ Arbeidspotentieel Uit dit Sociaal Statistisch Banen Bestand maakte Noback een selectie van werknemers die tussen 2003 en 2005 dezelfde baan hebben gehouden, maar van wie wel het aantal werkuren kon zijn veranderd. Het blijkt dat de werkuren van vrouwen vaker veranderen dan die van mannen, helemaal als ze eerst een baan hadden van minder dan drie dagen per week. Noback: ‘Dat toont aan dat er nog behoorlijk wat arbeidspotentieel over is.’
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