Abstract. In recent years circular economy has become more important for the development of many places including cities. Traditionally, urban development policies have mainly been aiming to improve the socio-economic wellbeing of neighbourhoods. However, technical and ecologic aspects have their effects too and need to go hand in hand. This paper is based on an urban area experiment in the Dutch city of Utrecht. In order to assess urban area developments, typically rather straight-forward quantitative indicators have been used. However, it has proved more complicated to assess multifaceted developments of the area studied in this paper. With the City Model Canvas a multi-layered model is being used to better assess the impact of the urban development being studied. Key findings include that the project studied resulted in more space for companies from the creative industry and the settlement of local ‘circular’ entrepreneurs and start-ups, although it remains unclear to what extent these benefit from each other’s presence. The increase in business activity resulted in more jobs, but it is again unclear whether this led to more social inclusion. From an environmental point of view the project activities resulted in less raw materials being used, although activities and public events bring nuisance to the surrounding neighbourhoods.
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In software architecture, the Layers pattern is commonly used. When this pattern is applied, the responsibilities of a software system are divided over a number of layers and the dependencies between the layers are limited. This may result in benefits like improved analyzability, reusability and portability of the system. However, many layered architectures are poorly designed and documented. This paper proposes a typology and a related approach to assign responsibilities to software layers. The Typology of Software Layer Responsibility (TSLR) gives an overview of responsibility types in the software of business information systems; it specifies and exemplifies these responsibilities and provides unambiguous naming. A complementary instrument, the Responsibility Trace Table (RTT), provides an overview of the TSLR-responsibilities assigned to the layers of a case-specific layered design. The instruments aid the design, documentation and review of layered software architectures. The application of the TSLR and RTT is demonstrated in three cases.
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This chapter argues that critical discourse analysis (CDA) provides a fruitful methodology for CES. This is due both to its eclectic, abductive research methodology that engages in a dialogue between, theory(ies), methodology(ies), data and the socio-historical context (Reisigl and Wodak 2009). Secondly, CDA, like other critical approaches, adopts a layered approach to research methodology, focusing from the global to meso and micro aspects of an event, or from social structures, to social institutions and social events, always considering the discursive as being both constituted by and constitutive of social structures. It will illustrate this through a brief description of the discourse-historical dimension in CDA which assumes a distinction between content analysis, the analysis of discursive and argumentative strategies and, finally, the analysis of linguistic features (Reisigl and Wodak, 2001). Those basic assumptions will be illustrated through the description of a theoretical-methodological framework recently employed for the study of the Occupy movement in Spain (Montesano Montessori & Morales Lopez, forthcoming). It shows how a framework was assembled that brought social constructivism, narrative analysis, rhetoric and finally the discourse theoretical concept of ‘rearticulation’ together in order to analyse how the Occupy movement helped Spanish citizens to gain agency and voice. In: R Lamond I., Platt L. (eds). Critical Event Studies. Leisure Studies in a Global Era. Palgrave Macmillan, London
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In this paper a new graphical password scheme is presented using a dynamic layered combination of graphical elements. It has unique capabilities in terms of low memory burden due to a story based approach, while at the same time being very resistant to shoulder surfing threats. The results of a security evaluation confirm shoulder surfing resistance.
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In this paper a new graphical password scheme is presented using a dynamic layered combination of graphical elements. It has unique capabilities in terms of low memory burden due to a story based approach, while at the same time being very resistant to shoulder surfing threats. The results of a security evaluation confirm shoulder surfing resistance.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find determinants about risk resilience and develop a new risk resilience approach for (agricultural) enterprises. This approach creates the ability to respond resiliently to major environmental challenges and changes in the short term and adjust the management of the organization, and to learn and transform to adapt to the new environment in the long term while creating multiple value creation. Design/methodology: The authors present a new risk resilience approach for multiple value creation of (agricultural) enterprises, which consists of a main process starting with strategy design, followed by an environmental analysis, stakeholder collaboration, implement ESG goals, defining risk expose & response options, and report, learn & evaluate. In each step the organizational perspective, as well as the value chain/area perspective is considered and aligned. The authors have used focus groups and analysed literature from and outside the field of finance and accounting, to design this new approach. Findings: Researchers propose a new risk resilience approach for (agricultural) enterprises, based on a narrative about transforming to multiple value creation, founded determinants of risk resilience, competitive advantage and agricultural resilience. Originality and value: This study contributes by conceptualizing risk resilience for (agricultural) enterprises, by looking through a lens of multiple value creation in a dynamic context and based on insights from different fields, actual ESG knowledge, and determinants for risk resilience, competitive advantage and agricultural resilience.
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One of the main aims of game AI research is the building of challenging and believable artificial opponents that act as if capable of strategic thinking. In this paper we describe a novel mechanism that successfully endows NPCs in real-time games with strategic planning capabilities. Our approach creates adaptive behaviours that take into account long-term and short term consequences. Our approach is unique in that: (i) it is sufficiently fast to be used for hundreds of agents in real time; (ii) it is flexible in that it requires no previous knowledge of the playing field; and (iii) it allows customization of the agents in order to generate differentiated behaviours that derive from virtual personalities.
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One of the main aims of game AI research is the building of challenging and believable artificial opponents that act as if capable of strategic thinking. In this paper we describe a novel mechanism that successfully endows NPCs in real-time games with strategic planning capabilities. Our approach creates adaptive behaviours that take into account long-term and short term consequences. Our approach is unique in that: (i) it is sufficiently fast to be used for hundreds of agents in real time; (ii) it is flexible in that it requires no previous knowledge of the playing field; and (iii) it allows customization of the agents in order to generate differentiated behaviours that derive from virtual personalities.
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The capacity to deal with digital transformation is a valuable asset for established organizations, and employees play a crucial role in this process. This study contributes to the understanding of employees’ sensemaking of digital transformation in the tour operating industry. Using prior digital transformation research, construal-level theory (CLT), and dynamic change perspectives, our scholarly work focuses on the complexities of organizational change in a digital transformation context. Although employees generally support digital transformation, our findings show that their perceptions change over time across a range of specific challenges experienced during the employee change journey. Our findings stress the importance of adopting a social exchange lens in digital transformation knowledge as this represents deep structure change that might cause well-designed transformation processes to fail. Implications for hospitality and tourism management are discussed.
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There is increasing evidence that humans are not living sustainably. There are three major drivers of the unsustainable approach: population, consumption and the growth economy. There is widespread denial about these issues, but they clearly need to be addressed if we are to achieve any of the possible sustainable futures. The first and second versions of the ‘World Scientists Warning to Humanity’ both highlight the problem of increasing human population, as do the IPCC and IPBES reports. However, all have been largely ignored. The size of an ecologically sustainable global population is considered, taking into account the implications of increasing per capita consumption. The paper then discusses the reasons why society and academia largely ignore overpopulation. The claim that discussing overpopulation is ‘anti-human’ is refuted. Causal Layered Analysis is used to examine why society ignores data that do not fit with its myths and metaphors, and how such denial is leading society towards collapse. Non-coercive solutions are then considered to reach an ecologically-sustainable human population. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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