Achtergrond - De progressie van knieartrose lijkt gerelateerd te zijn aan een hoog extern knieadductiemoment (EKAM), dat gereduceerd kan worden door een aangepast gangpatroon. Doel - Ten eerste is onderzocht welke van vier loopstrategieën het EKAM maximaal verlaagt ten opzichte van comfortabel gaan. Vervolgens is vastgesteld of een maximale EKAM-verlaging altijd wordt gerealiseerd door dezelfde loopstrategie, en of dit kan worden verklaard op basis van de mate waarin de houdingsaanpassing plaatsvindt. Methode - Bij 37 gezonde proefpersonen werd een 3D-ganganalyse gedaan. Na het registreren van het normale gangpatroon werden vier loopstrategieën geïnstrueerd en geregistreerd (Trunk Lean [TL], Medial Thrust [MT], Reduced Vertical Acceleration [RVA] en Toe Out [TO]). Het EKAM en diverse strategiespecifieke kinematica werden berekend voor alle condities. Resultaten - Alle loopstrategieën reduceerden de algehele piek van het EKAM. Hierbij bleken TL en MT de EKAM-piek het meest te reduceren, respectievelijk -35% en -30%. Ook de EKAM-impuls was significant verlaagd door deze strategieën. TO reduceerde de EKAM-puls in de late standfase significant. Er waren duidelijke individuele verschillen zichtbaar. MT verlaagde het EKAM het meest in 43% van de deelnemers, terwijl bij 49% van de deelnemers TL tot de meeste reductie leidde. Hoewel de instructies in beide groepen leidden tot vergelijkbare aanpassing van de kinematica, was de reductie van het EKAM bij uitvoering van dezelfde strategie significant verschillend tussen deze twee groepen. Interpretatie - Hoewel TL en MT het meest effectief waren om het EKAM te reduceren, lijkt individuele selectie van de meest optimale loopstrategie essentieel.
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Objective: To determine (1) if Medial Thrust or Trunk Lean reduces the knee adduction moment (EKAM) the most during gait in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis, (2) if the best overall strategy is the most effective for each patient and (3) if these strategies affect ankle and hip kinetics. Design: Thirty patients with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis underwent 3-dimensional gait analysis. Participants received verbal instructions on two gait strategies (Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust) in randomized order after comfortable walking was recorded. The peaks and impulse of the EKAM and strategy-specific kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated for all conditions. Results: Early stance EKAM peak was significantly reduced during Medial Thrust (29%). During Trunk Lean, early and late stance EKAM peak and EKAM impulse reduced significantly (38%, 21% and 25%, respectively). In 79% of the subjects, the Trunk Lean condition was significantly more effective in reducing EKAM peak than Medial Thrust. Peak ankle dorsi and plantar flexion, knee flexion and hip extension and adduction moments were not significantly increased. Conclusions: Medial Thrust and Trunk Lean reduced the EKAM during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Individual selection of the most effective gait modification strategy seems vital to optimally reduce dynamic knee loading during gait. No detrimental effects on external ankle and hip moments or knee flexion moments were found for these conditions.
Background: The progression of medial knee osteoarthritis seems closely related to a high external knee adduction moment, which could be reduced through gait retraining. We aimed to determine the retraining strategy that reduces this knee moment most effective during gait, and to determine if the same strategy is the most effective for everyone. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent 3D gait analysis. After normalwalking was recorded, participants received verbal instructions on four gait strategies (Trunk Lean, Medial Thrust, Reduced Vertical Acceleration, Toe Out). Knee adduction moment and strategy-specific kinematics were calculated for all conditions. Findings: The overall knee adduction moment peak was reduced by Medial Thrust (−0.08 Nm/Bw·Ht) and Trunk Lean (−0.07 Nm/Bw·Ht), while impulse was reduced by 0.03 Nms/Bw·Ht in both conditions. Toeing out reduced late stance peak and impulse significantly but overall peakwas not affected. Reducing vertical acceleration at initial contact did not reduce the overall peak. Strategy-specific kinematics (trunk lean angle, knee adduction angle, first peak of the vertical ground reaction force, foot progression angle) showed that multiple parameters were affected by all conditions. Medial Thrust was the most effective strategy in 43% of the participants, while Trunk Lean reduced external knee adduction moment most in 49%. With similar kinematics, the reduction of the knee adduction moment peak and impulse was significantly different between these groups. Interpretation: Although Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust reduced the external knee adduction moment overall, individual selection of gait retraining strategy seems vital to optimally reduce dynamic knee load during gait.
