Blended learning, a teaching format in which face-to-face and online learning is integrated, nowadays is an important development in education. Little is known, however, about its affordances for teacher education, and for domain specific didactical courses in particular. To investigate this topic, we carried out a design research project in which teacher educators engaged in a co-design process of developing and field-testing open online learning units for mathematics and science didactics. The preliminary results concern descriptions of the work processes by the design teams, of design heuristics, and of typical ways of collaborating. These findings are illustrated for the case of two of the designed online units on statistics didactics and mathematical thinking, respectively.
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Introduction Negative pain-related cognitions are associated with persistence of low-back pain (LBP), but the mechanism underlying this association is not well understood. We propose that negative pain-related cognitions determine how threatening a motor task will be perceived, which in turn will affect how lumbar movements are performed, possibly with negative long-term effects on pain. Objective To assess the effect of postural threat on lumbar movement patterns in people with and without LBP, and to investigate whether this effect is associated with task-specific pain-related cognitions. Methods 30 back-healthy participants and 30 participants with LBP performed consecutive two trials of a seated repetitive reaching movement (45 times). During the first trial participants were threatened with mechanical perturbations, during the second trial participants were informed that the trial would be unperturbed. Movement patterns were characterized by temporal variability (CyclSD), local dynamic stability (LDE) and spatial variability (meanSD) of the relative lumbar Euler angles. Pain-related cognition was assessed with the task-specific ‘Expected Back Strain’-scale (EBS). A three-way mixed Manova was used to assess the effect of Threat, Group (LBP vs control) and EBS (above vs below median) on lumbar movement patterns. Results We found a main effect of threat on lumbar movement patterns. In the threat-condition, participants showed increased variability (MeanSDflexion-extension, p<0.000, η2 = 0.26; CyclSD, p = 0.003, η2 = 0.14) and decreased stability (LDE, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.14), indicating large effects of postural threat. Conclusion Postural threat increased variability and decreased stability of lumbar movements, regardless of group or EBS. These results suggest that perceived postural threat may underlie changes in motor behavior in patients with LBP. Since LBP is likely to impose such a threat, this could be a driver of changes in motor behavior in patients with LBP, as also supported by the higher spatial variability in the group with LBP and higher EBS in the reference condition.
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Dit rapport is het verslag van een literatuurstudie naar rekenonderwijs in cluster 2 en heeft tot doel uitgangspunten voor rekenonderwijs aan deze doelgroep vast te leggen. De checklist in dit rapport biedt aanknopingspunten om het rekenonderwijs in cluster 2 in beeld te brengen en afstemming op de onderwijsbehoeften van leerlingen met auditieve beperkingen mogelijk te maken. De didactische aanpak vraagt hierbij nog veel aandacht. Tot nu toe is er weinig tot geen onderzoek gedaan in Nederland naar de gecijferdheid van dove en slechthorende kinderen (zie bijvoorbeeld Crasborn e.a. 1999; Gehoor in onderzoek 2010, maar ook Van Dijk 1968). De lectoraten Gecijferdheid en Dovenstudies van het Kenniscentrum Educatie van de Faculteit Educatie van Hogeschool Utrecht hebben het initiatief genomen om een verkennend onderzoek te doen naar de rekenwiskunde vaardigheden bij dove en slechthorende kinderen in het speciaal basis onderwijs. Een school1 voor dove kinderen was bereid aan dit onderzoek mee te werken.
