INTRODUCTION: Minerals may contribute to prevent and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. So far, there is no comprehensive review on the impact of minerals on sarcopenia outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults.METHODS: A systematic search was conducted between March 2016 and July 2016, in the PubMed database using predefined search terms. Articles on the role of dietary mineral intake or mineral serum concentrations on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and/or the prevalence of sarcopenia in healthy or frail older adults (average age ≥ 65 years) were selected. Only original research publications were included. The search and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by 2 independent researchers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement was followed in constructing this systematic review. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to evaluate the quality of the selected articles.RESULTS: From the 3346 articles found, a total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies showed that serum selenium (n = 1) and calcium intake (n = 1) were significantly associated with muscle mass, and magnesium (n = 1), selenium (n = 1), iron (n = 1), and zinc (n = 1) intake were significantly and positively associated with physical performance in older adults. Furthermore, magnesium (n = 2), selenium (n = 2), calcium (n = 2), and phosphorus (n = 1) intake were associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia. Magnesium supplementation improved physical performance based on one randomized controlled trial. No studies on the role of sodium or potassium on muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance were found.CONCLUSION: Minerals may be important nutrients to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia. Particularly, magnesium, selenium, and calcium seem to be most promising. Most of the included studies, however, were observational studies. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the potential benefits of mineral intake to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia and support healthy aging.
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ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to reevaluate the role of minerals on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults.DesignSystematic review.Setting and ParticipantsIn March 2022, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences using predefined search terms. Original studies on dietary mineral intake or mineral serum blood concentrations on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance or the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults (average age ≥65 years) were included.MethodsEligibility screening and data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Quality assessment was performed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool.ResultsFrom the 15,622 identified articles, a total of 45 studies were included in the review, mainly being cross-sectional and observational studies. Moderate quality of evidence showed that selenium (n = 8) and magnesium (n = 7) were significantly associated with muscle mass, strength, and physical performance as well as the prevalence of sarcopenia. For calcium and zinc, no association could be found. For potassium, iron, sodium, and phosphorus, the association with sarcopenic outcomes remains unclear as not enough studies could be included or were nonconclusive (low quality of evidence).Conclusions and ImplicationsThis systematic review shows a potential role for selenium and magnesium on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in older adults. More randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the impact of minerals on sarcopenia in older adults.
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Rationale: Minerals may contribute to prevent and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted between March 2016 and July 2016, in the PubMed database using pre-defined search terms. Articles on the role of dietary mineral intake or mineral serum concentrations on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and the prevalence of sarcopenia in healthy or frail older adults (average age ≥ 65 years) were selected. Meta-analyses statistic will be performed when possible.Results: From the 3346 articles found, ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies showed that serum selenium and calcium intake were significantly associated with muscle mass. Magnesium, based on one randomized controlled trial, selenium, iron, and zinc intake were significantly and positively associated with physical performance in older adults. Magnesium, selenium, calcium, and phosphorus intake were associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia. No studies on the role of sodium or potassium on muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance were found. Meta-analysis was not possible due to high heterogeneity.Conclusion: Minerals may be important nutrients to prevent and treat sarcopenia. Particularly, magnesium, selenium, and calcium seem to be most promising. Most of the included studies, however, were observational studies. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the potential benefits of mineral intake to prevent and treat sarcopenia and support healthy aging.
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This paper presents challenges in city logistics for circular supply chains of e-e-waste. Efficient e-waste management is one of the strategies to save materials, critical minerals, and precious metals. E-waste collection and recycling have gained attention recently due to lower collection and recycling rates. However, implementing circular urban supply chains is a significant economic transformation that can only work if coordination decisions are solved between the actors involved. On the one hand, this requires the implementation of efficient urban collection technologies, where waste collection companies collaborate with manufacturers, urban waste treatment specialists, and city logistics service providers supported by digital solutions for visibility and planning. On the other hand, it also requires implementing urban and regional ecosystems connected by innovative CO2-neutral circular city logistics systems. These systems must smoothly and sustainably manage the urban and regional flow of resources and data, often at a large scale and with interfaces between industrial processes, private, and public actors. This paper presents future research questions from a city logistics perspective based on a European project aimed at developing a blueprint for systemic solutions for the circularity of plastics from applications of rigid PU foams used as insulation material in refrigerators.
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This study provides insights into novel combinations of hydrothermal modifications and mineral enrichment by demonstrating the versatility of this environmentally more benign approach compared to other common chemical starch modifications like crosslinking. Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) (15 % moisture, 100 °C) of native potato starch (NPS) affords granular products that gelatinise at lower temperatures, hold more water as gel, and are more susceptible to enzymatic digestion. Prior mineral enrichment of NPS with sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium ions yielded significant changes in pasting curves, with monovalent cations increasing peak viscosity, while divalent cations decrease peak viscosity through ionic crosslinking of phosphate groups, allowing further fine tuning of swelling behaviour. Both short and long HMT (4 h and 16 h) triggered partial disruption of crystallinity and an increase in particle size without visible surface damage as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. These novel products may find applications where a thickening agent is needed, and high levels of target minerals are desirable like sport nutrition. The viscosity behaviour, available energy and essential minerals may be beneficial to the formulation and nutritional value of energy gels, while adhering to clean-label requirements of today`s food industry.
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Native potato starch is an excellent carrier of minerals due to its inherent ion exchange capacity. Mineral enrichment not only changes the nutritional value but also influences starch pasting and swelling properties. Hydrothermal treatments like annealing constitute a straightforward and green way to tune functional properties. Here, novel combinations of mineral enrichment and annealing were studied. Ion exchange was readily achieved by suspending starch in a salt solution at room temperature over 3 h and confirmed by ICP-OES. Annealing at 50 °C for 24 h using demineralized water or salt solutions strongly affected pasting, thermal, and swelling properties. The obtained XRD and DSC results support a more ordered structure with relative crystallinity increasing from initially 41.7% to 44.4% and gelatinization onset temperature increasing from 60.39 to 65.94 J/g. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed no detectable changes after annealing. Total digestible starch content decreased after annealing from 8.89 to 7.86 g/100 g. During both ion exchange at room temperature and annealing, monovalent cations promoted swelling and peak viscosity, and divalent cations suppressed peak viscosity through ionic crosslinking. The presented combination allows fine-tuning of pasting behavior, potentially enabling requirements of respective food applications to be met while offering an alternative to chemically modified starches.
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Global society is confronted with various challenges: climate change should be mitigated, and society should adapt to the impacts of climate change, resources will become scarcer and hence resources should be used more efficiently and recovered after use, the growing world population and its growing wealth create unprecedented emissions of pollutants, threatening public health, wildlife and biodiversity. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and risks for sewage systems, next to some opportunities and chances that these developments pose. Some of the challenges are emerging from climate change and resource scarcity, others come from the challenges emerging from stricter regulation of emissions. It also presents risks and threats from within the system, next to external influences which may affect the surroundings of the sewage systems. It finally reflects on barriers to respond to these challenges. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d6.0231 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sabineeijlander/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/karel-mulder-163aa96/
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Op de HAS Hogeschool wordt al een aantal jaren voer voor vis en schaaldieren op basis van insecten vergeleken met regulier voer op basis van vismeel en/of visolie. Dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd in samenwerking met New Generation Nutrition. Resultaten laten zien dat garnalen gevoerd met voer op basis van insecten even goed groeien als bij regulier voer. Tot op heden is onbekend of het voer op basis van insecten gezondheidsrisico’s met zich meebrengt en dergelijk onderzoek komt na het aanstellen van Olga Haenen als lector Gezonde en Duurzame eiwitten in een stroomversnelling.
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Modified starches are used widely in the food industry but often have a low nutritional value, lacking minerals vital for the human body, such as magnesium. Magnesium addition to native starches has been shown to result in changes in pasting properties. However, little work has been done on the addition of magnesium and other divalent cations to highly oxidised starches. In this work, we used dibasic magnesium hypochlorite (DMH) to oxidise potato starch to an industrially relevant degree of oxidation while at the same time introducing magnesium into the starch structure. We found that magnesium incorporation changes the pasting properties of starch and increases the gelatinisation temperature significantly, possibly due to an ionic cross-linking effect. These properties resemble the properties found for heat-moisture-treated potato starches. This change in properties was found to be reversible by performing a straightforward exchange of metal cations, either from sodium to magnesium or from magnesium to sodium. We show in this work the potential of the addition of divalent cations to highly oxidised starches in modifying the rheological and pasting properties of these starches and at the same time adding possible health benefits to modified starches by introducing magnesium.
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