Background Physical activity after bariatric surgery is associated with sustained weight loss and improved quality of life. Some bariatric patients engage insufficiently in physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent both physical activity and exercise cognitions have changed at one and two years post-surgery, and whether exercise cognitions predict physical activity. Methods Forty-two bariatric patients (38 women, 4 men; mean age 38 ± 8 years, mean body mass index prior to surgery 47 ± 6 kg/m²), filled out self-report instruments to examine physical activity and exercise cognitions pre- and post surgery. Results Moderate to large healthy changes in physical activity and exercise cognitions were observed after surgery. Perceiving less exercise benefits and having less confidence in exercising before surgery predicted less physical activity two years after surgery. High fear of injury one year after surgery predicted less physical activity two years after surgery. Conclusion After bariatric surgery, favorable changes in physical activity and exercise cognitions are observed. Our results suggest that targeting exercise cognitions before and after surgery might be relevant to improve physical activity.
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Background Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating problem in Sjögren's syndrome. It has been suggested that physical activity and cognitions about physical activity can influence fatigue. Objective The aim of this study was to examine fatigue and physical activity levels in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and the associations of physical activity and physical activity cognitions with fatigue. Methods In 300 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 100 demographically matched people from the general population (mean age 57, 93% female), fatigue (five dimensions of the 'Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory') and physical activity (three dimensions of the 'International Physical Activity Questionnaire') were assessed. The physical activity cognitions 'activity avoidance' and 'somatic focus' of the 'Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia' were assessed in the Sjögren's group only. Results Sjögren's patients had higher scores on all five fatigue dimensions (p < .001) and lower scores on moderate and vigorous intensity activity (p < .01) as compared to control participants. In the Sjögren's group, lower physical activity and a higher activity avoidance and somatic focus were associated with more severe fatigue on most fatigue dimensions (p < .05). For general fatigue and physical fatigue, especially the combination of low physical activity and either high avoidance or high somatic focus was associated with more severe fatigue (p < .05). Conclusions Our results suggest that fatigue in patients with Sjögren's syndrome might be reduced by targeting both physical activity and physical activity cognitions. This suggestion requires verification in clinical experimental studies.
DOCUMENT
Physical activity (PA) is important for healthy ageing. Better insight into objectively measured PA levels in older adults is needed, since most previous studies employed self-report measures for PA assessment, which are associated with overestimation of PA. This study aimed to provide insight in objectively measured indoor and outdoor PA of older adults, and in PA differences by frailty levels. Data were collected among non-frail (N = 74) and frail (N = 10) subjects, aged 65 to 89 years. PA, measured for seven days with accelerometers and GPS-devices, was categorized into three levels of intensity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA). Older adults spent most time in sedentary and light PA. Subjects spent 84.7%, 15.1% and 0.2%per day in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA respectively. On average, older adults spent 9.8 (SD 23.7) minutes per week in moderate-to-vigorous activity, and 747.0 (SD 389.6) minutes per week in light activity. None of the subjects met the WHO recommendations of 150 weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Age-, sex- and health status-adjusted results revealed no differences in PA between non-frail and frail older adults. Subjects spent significantly more sedentary time at home, than not at home. Non-frail subjects spent significantly more time not at home during moderate-to-vigorous activities, than at home. Objective assessment of PA in older adults revealed that most PA was of light intensity, and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA was very low. None of the older adults met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA. These levels of MVPA are much lower than generally reported based on self-reported PA. Future studies should employ objective methods, and age specific thresholds for healthy PA levels in older adults are needed. These results emphasize the need for effective strategies for healthy PA levels for the growing proportion of older adults. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123168
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