The concept of autonomy has received considerable attention in both –philosophy and psychology. From the perspective of philosophy, autonomy refers to self-governance of one’s actions. In psychological theory, the focus has been more on human beings striving to experience autonomy and self-determination. In this entry, we will examine the elusive concept of autonomy from different theoretical angels and focus in particular on how autonomy emerges through social interactions and how it develops over the course of the lifespan. We will pay special attention to the role autonomy plays in creativity and the exploration of the possible.
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Dairy products are known for their relatively low impact on the environment per unit of nutritional value. The carbon footprint of cheese from the Netherlands has been reduced in recent years by minimizing energy and water consumption. However,there are other options for further improving the sustainability of cheese production. The dairy research team at Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences is revealing new possibilities.
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In this paper, we report on the initial results of an explorative study that aims to investigate the occurrence of cognitive biases when designers use generative AI in the ideation phase of a creative design process. When observing current AI models utilised as creative design tools, potential negative impacts on creativity can be identified, namely deepening already existing cognitive biases but also introducing new ones that might not have been present before. Within our study, we analysed the emergence of several cognitive biases and the possible appearance of a negative synergy when designers use generative AI tools in a creative ideation process. Additionally, we identified a new potential bias that emerges from interacting with AI tools, namely prompt bias.
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The COHEHRE Academy organized the following capacity building workshop(s) in 2018: Ethics in Community based Student Projects: Exploring the possibility of a win-win situation:Time and venue: November 2018 Amsterdam, The NetherlandsCoordinating institution: Amsterdam University of Applied SciencesInformation:This capacity building workshop will provide the opportunity to explore and discuss concepts of community-based student projects, both in local and international settings. With trends in education focused on connecting students more to the communities around them during the studies, as well as providing international fieldwork experiences, it is important to consider the possible ethical impact of these community based projects.When is the project equally beneficial for the students’ learning, as well as for the communities intending to benefit from their work? How do we as educators develop and evaluate these projects to attempt to achieve this win-win situation?This seminar will explore this through unpacking the experiences and ethical and cultural dilemmas of three main stakeholders: students, educators and community hosts.Presentation.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of more than hundred compounds that are ubiquitous in our environment. Some of these PAHs are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. PAHs have been detected in dried herbs that were cultured in The Netherlands as well as in other European countries above the maximum levels in dried herbs set by the EU (EU, 2015) for benzo(a)pyrene and the sum of the following four PAHs benzo(a)pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranteen and chrysene. The origin of these PAHs in herbs is unknown. VNK cultivates, harvests and dries herbs including valerian and would like to identify the source of PAHs to comply to the EU limits for PAHs in herbs. The goal of the present study was to identify the source of PAHs found in valerian root, and to identify possible measures to reduce the concentration of PAHs in valerian root.
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Background: A highly promoted opportunity for optimizing healthcare services is to expand the role of nonphysician care providers by care reallocation. Reallocating care from physicians to non-physicians can play an important role in solving systemic healthcare problems such as care delays, hospital overcrowding, long waiting lists, high work pressure and expanding healthcare costs. Dermatological healthcare services, such as the acne care provision, are well suited for exploring the opportunities for care reallocation as many different types of care professionals are involved in the care process. In the Netherlands, acne care is mainly delivered by general practitioners and dermatologists. The Dutch healthcare system also recognizes non-physician care providers, among which dermal therapists and beauticians are the most common professions. However, the role and added value of non-physicians is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the possibilities for reallocating care to nonphysicians and identify drivers for and barriers to reallocation. Methods: A mixed-method design was used collecting quantitative and qualitative data from representatives of the main 4 Dutch professions providing acne care: dermatologists, GP’s, Dermal therapists and beauticians. Results: A total of 560 questionnaires were completed and 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted. A broad spectrum of non-physician tasks and responsibilities were delineated. Interviewed physicians considered acne as a low-complexity skin condition which made them willing to explore the possibilities for reallocating. A majority of all interviewees saw a key role for non-physicians in counselling and supporting patients during treatment, which they considered an important role for increasing patients’ adherence to proposed treatment regimes, contributing to successful clinical outcome. Also, the amount of time non-physicians spend on patients was experienced as driver for reallocation. Legislation and regulations, uncertainties about the extent of scientific evidence and proper protocols use within the non-physician clinical practice were experienced as barriers influencing the possibilities for reallocation. Conclusions: Delineated roles and drivers demonstrate there is room and potential for reallocation between physicians and non-physicians within acne healthcare, when barriers are adequately addressed.
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The basic level of postural control is functionally active from early infancy onwards: young infants possess a repertoire of direction-specific postural adjustments. Whether or not direction-specific adjustments are used depends on the child's age and the nature of the postural task. The second level of control emerges after 3 months: children start to develop the capacity to adapt postural activity to environmental constraints. But the adult form of postural adaptation first emerges after adolescence. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) in general have the ability to generate direction-specific adjustments, but they show a delayed development in the capacity to recruit direction-specific adjustments in tasks with a mild postural challenge. Children with CP virtually always have difficulties in the adaptation of direction-specific activity. The limited data available on the effect of intervention on postural development suggest that intervention involving active trial and error experience may accelerate postural development in typically developing infants and may improve postural control in children with or at high risk for a developmental motor disorder.
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The European Values Study (EVS) is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal research programme on basic human values, initiated in the late 1970s. A product of this research is the Atlas of European Values (AoEV), published by the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands for the second time. The Atlas of European Values offers maps and background information on the opinions of the population in 46 European countries. In chapters about Europe, family, work, religion, politics, society and well-being, diversity and similarities in values patterns are shown. On the website www.atlasofeuropeanvalues.eu maps of the European Values Study are accessible for free. In addition, the website offers different map tools, videos, background information and other teaching materials that are very useful sources of information for geographers and geography teachers. The most important theories to explain the value patterns that the research shows us are modernization theories. In this article, the basic findings on values are explained with respect to the theoretical frame and some examples with a special focus on Turkey are given. The findings challenge geography and other sciences, to what extent mapping the values of Europeans is possible. Two of these challenges are regionalizing the data and exploring the "context" for explaining the differences among countries.
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