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Within large service organizations there are currently two trends visible. These trends seem to be diametrically opposed. On the one hand organizations face increasing price pressure and thus a pressure to cut costs. One of the consequences of this trend is that organizations are increasingly encouraging customers to make more use of digital communication channels. At the same time, companies find it important to know their customers in order to respond adequately to their needs. To do this, organizations must have a certain degree of personal involvement to their customers and they must have regular personal contact. It is assumed that both trends – digitisation and personalisation – will have a strong impact on customer experience and (perhaps) on the relational models customers use. If it is true that relational models - so the way in which people perceive and assess a relationship - play a role in the perception of the customer, it is also interesting to know if it is possible to influence these relational models. During the last fifty years much research has been done into the possibilities to influence customers by using subliminal priming techniques. In these techniques thoughts and feelings are unconsciously activated by showing people certain words or images (eg Bargh, Chen & Burrows, 1996; Dijksterhuis, 2005). In recent years a number of experiments were performed in which customers were unconsciously primed at some type of relationship (eg Aggarwal, 2004; McGraw & Tetlock, 2005; Tuk, Verlegh, Smidts & Wigboldus, 2009). These experiments showed that it is possible to activate a certain type of relationship. The experiments however the researchers used scenario’s based on an interpersonal relationship, and often to a fictitious relationship. The question is whether priming techniques also work for an already existing and more complex relationship between an organization and its customers. From 2010-2013 we conducted research for six large service providers in banking, insurance, utilities and social welfare to discover what the customer experience of these organisations, what role relational models played in customer experience and whether it was possible to influence these relational models. The research project has provided answers to the following questions: - Which relational models are used by customers and what is the influence of these models on customer experience? - What is the influence of digitisation in customer communication on relational models and customer experience? - What is the influence of personalisation in customer communication on relational models and customer experience? And finally, - Is it possible to influence relational models (and customer experience) by using specific words and images that are associated with relational models (relational framing)?
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The media are an integral part of how advanced societies are controlled. After almost a century of ‘broadcasting’, a new media logic can be seen to have emerged. It is not centralized, nor does it appear to depend on manipulative power (such as the priming and framing of news and thereby the agenda of political discussion; or ‘advertising’ as a way to influence consumers to buy particular products). It is the logic of ‘networking’ that is not about producers and consumers but about redaction and multipliers.1 Media content in this logic may in an archeological sense be seen as having an author or a point of origin – but the routes it takes and the way in which it spreads offers new means of community building, identity construction and meaning making which are of much greater interest. In this paper we take a double perspective (business and critical) to assess how the old and the new media logics are both relevant today and what terms are best used to work with and in the media, and to reflect on them. While producers and consumers are the senders and receivers of broadcasting in the age of the nation-state, networking logic has little use for these terms: it also moves away from marketing terms such as eyeballs and stickiness to terms such as spreadability and multiplication and redaction. The perspective of what used to be known as ‘qualitative audience research’ can prove useful to innovative and sustainable marketing and to critical reflection on media culture. Here its restyled form will be called participant design. It suggests that strong marketing respects and co-opts potential customers in much the same way that relevant media criticism is, not given from an external and possibly paternalist but from an inside perspective that highly values self-reflexivity.2
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Met voorlichtingscampagnes kun je het gedrag van mensen beïnvloeden. Om dit effectief te doen, zijn heldere strategische keuzes nodig. Hoe kom je tot zo'n campagnestrategie? De sociale wetenschap geeft hier steeds meer inzichten in. Om deze inzichten in de praktijk toe te passen, is het Campagne Strategie Instrument ontwikkeld. Dit instrument helpt om een analyse van het gedrag en onderbouwde keuzes te maken. Zo kan er vanuit de beleidsopgave een kansrijke campagnestrategie ontwikkeld worden. Doel: Met het gespreksmodel kom je tot onderbouwde keuzes voor een campagnestrategie. Het geeft in één oogopslag weer welke stappen er gezet moeten worden om hiertoe te komen. Dit gespreksmodel is gebaseerd op het rapport "Gedragsverandering via campagnes" (Ministerie van Algemene Zaken, 2011). Gebruik: het gespreksmodel kan als opening voor het eerste gesprek met de opdrachtgever (Ministerie) en opdrachtnemer (reclamestrategen) dienen. De stappen in het gespreksmodel kunnen worden doorlopen aan de hand van de vragenlijst.
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Hoe kan een uitvoeringsorgaan als UWV communicatie effectief inzetten in de mix van beleidsinstrumenten? Hierover zijn vele onderzoeken en inzichten voorhanden, maar hoe maak je deze toegankelijk voor gebruik in de dagelijkse communicatiepraktijk? Deze vraag stond centraal in het onderzoek dat het Lectoraat Crossmediale Communicatie in het Publieke Domein in samenwerking met UWV heeft uitgevoerd. Het Communicatie Besluitvorming Instrument (ComBi) helpt bij de beleids- en omgevingsanalyse, de doelgoep- en gedragsanalyse en het bepalen van de strategische aanpak in een communicatie-ontwikkelproces. Het Communicatie Besluitvorming Instrument (ComBi 1.0) betreft een hulpmiddel om te komen tot een communicatieplan waar draagvlak voor is bij alle betrokken partijen. Daarnaast helpt het ComBi je om een communicatieplan te maken gericht op gedragsverandering bij de doelgroep. Wat is het doel van het ComBi? Samen met betrokken beleidsmedewerkers en uitvoerders onderzoeken hoe communicatie het beste kan bijdragen aan het behalen van een beleidsdoelstelling. Het instrument geeft inzicht in de complexiteit van invloeden waaraan de doelgroep blootstaat en helpt om aan te wijzen waar communicatie in dit geheel meerwaarde heeft. De uitkomsten zijn direct te verwerken in je communicatieplan of briefing.
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This dissertation presents research on customers’ perceptions of cleanliness in service environments. The research contributes to the gap in the literature on cleanliness examined from a customer perspective, and adds to the understanding of environmental cues that influence perceived cleanliness. Part one of the dissertation includes the operationalisation of the concept of perceived cleanliness and the development of an instrument to measure perceived cleanliness. Results showed that perceived cleanliness consists of three dimensions: cleaned, fresh, and uncluttered. Next, the Cleanliness Perceptions Scale (CP-scale) was developed and validated in different service environments, resulting in a 12 item questionnaire that can be used to measure perceived cleanliness in service environments. Part two includes the experimental research on the effects of different environmental cues on perceived cleanliness. It furthermore explores to what extent the effects of these environmental cues on perceived cleanliness can be explained by the concept of priming. The experiments demonstrated that particular environmental cues influence perceived cleanliness: the visible presence of cleaning staff, light colour, light scent, and uncluttered architecture positively influence customers’ perceptions of cleanliness in service environments. Also, empirical support was found for priming as one of the mechanisms involved in the effects.Part three reflects on the implications of the dissertation for theory and practice. The research provides knowledge that is relevant for the fields of facility management, service marketing, social psychology, and environmental psychology. The dissertation improves the understanding of the concept of perceived cleanliness by enabling scholars and practitioners to measure the concept and the effects of particular environmental cues in service environments.
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Accountability krijgt toenemende aandacht van marketing- en communicatieprofessionals én onderzoekers. De vraag naar accountability kun je op verschillende wijzen benaderen. Zo hebben onderzoeksbureau Ipsos en het ‘Return on Creativity’ programma elk een ander vertrekpunt, maar ook raakvlakken
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