This paper applies the actor-centered institutionalist theoretical framework to research into flexicurity strategies. The first part summarizes the actor-centered institutionalist framework, as developed by Renate Mayntz, Frits Scharpf and others. The second part illustrates how this framework can be used to sharpen both research questions and their hypothetical answers on the flexicurity research agenda. For illustrative purposes, this part focuses on the specific theme of the institutionalisation of markets for intermediate skills.
The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate.
MULTIFILE
Objective: Many physical activity interventions do not reach those people who would benefit the most from them. The Groningen Active Living Model (GALM) was successful in recruiting sedentary and underactive older adults. Method: In the fall of 2000 older adults in three municipalities in the Netherlands received written information, were visited at home and, if eligible according to the GALM recruitment criteria, filled in the Stages of Change questionnaire and the Voorrips physical activity questionnaire. Results: By using the strategy we succeeded in including 12.3% of the older adults (315 of the 2551 qualifying participants), 79.4% of whom could be indeed regarded as sedentary or underactive. These results can be considered in line with results described in the literature. The cost of successfully recruiting an older adult was estimated at $84. Conclusions: The GALM recruitment strategy is a potentially useful and effective method for reaching community-dwelling sedentary and underactive older adults. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
