The growing appetite of cities is one of the greatest future challenges. There is no set menu for meeting this appetite, but a trend is observed in which city authorities focus on region-based food provision. Regionalism is motivated by the importance of increased self-reliance. Besides, regional food systems, are associated with more sustainable production and reduced carbon footprints, the reconnection of consumers with production, and the increased uptake of whole foods in urban diets. However, the question remains to what extend region based food systems may become self-reliant? How may they contribute to improved sustainability and healthy lifestyles? With the Dutch city of Almere as a case in point this paper provides a food flow data-based analysis of the opportunities and limitations of regional based food system approaches. The paper sets off with defining the concepts of sustainable self-reliance and regionalism. Next, it describes the methodology of measuring and mapping the actual food flows. We combined secondary, publicly available, with primary quantitative and qualitative datasets, involving regional businesses, urban policymakers, and residents. Our study uncovers the coinciding disconnect and interconnectedness of local, regional and global food systems. The regional scale offers opportunities for tackling many food related challenges, however, sustainable urban food security demands connections beyond the regional sphere and beyond the food domain. To assess the effects of the policy options available at the local and regional level, a solid evidence base is essential. This paper advances the development of evidence-based methodologies to monitor and inform food system policies.
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Het doel van deze handleiding is om studenten kennis te laten maken met de Waterwijzer Landbouw en de Waterwijzer Natuur. De WWN en WWL zijn ontwikkeld door Wageningen University & Research (WUR) en Onderzoeksinstituut KWR. Met behulp van de WWL en WWN kan worden onderzocht hoe groot het verschil is tussen de optimale grondwaterdynamiek en de actuele grondwaterdynamiek voor landbouw en natuur. (STOWA, 2018). Gebruikers leren in deze handleiding wat het effect is van de waterhuishouding op natuur en gewasopbrengst. Ook kan met behulp van de Water Wijzers de effecten op gewasopbrengst in de landbouw en de doelrealisatie van grondwaterafhankelijke natuur inzichtelijk worden gemaakt. Landbouw en natuur vraagt immers specifieke eisen als het gaat om de waterhuishouding, zoals de grondwaterstand, kwel/infiltratie, bodem en klimatologische omstandigheden. Deze parameters worden voor beide software als input gebruikt. Kwel/infiltratie alleen bij Waterwijzer Natuur. De benodigde input parameters worden in Hoofdstuk 2.2 bij de Waterwijzer Landbouw en Hoofdstuk 3.2 bij de Waterwijzer Natuur toegelicht.
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This study describes the process of developing a typical dish for a slow city, using the lens of co-creation and coproduction. The slow movement argues that appreciation of local cuisine increases through events and developing slow food practices. Participant observation and interviews with actors involved in the development process revealed the symbolic components used to enhance the cultural heritage of Vizela, Portugal as a slow city. The research shows that the slow city initiative has gradually provided the basis for a gastronomic attraction to support tourist development. The development of a typical dish for the city was found to aid the recovery and revalorization of local knowledge, while the support of gastronomic culture by the local authority and community participation helped to strengthen regional identity and to develop an attractive and sustainable tourist offer. Thus, this study revealed the importance of residents in this development process as well as showed requirements that may support the rescue and cocreation of typical dishes for tourism.
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