This study investigated a seven sessions interaction between a peer-tutor robot and Dutch preschoolers (5 years old) during which the children learned English. We examined whether children’s engagement differed when interacting with a tablet and a robot using iconic gestures, with a tablet and a robot using no iconic gestures and with only a tablet. Two engagement types were annotated (task engagement and robot engagement) using a novel coding scheme based on an existing coding scheme used in kindergartens. The findings revealed that children’s task engagement dropped over time in all three conditions, consistent with the novelty effect. However, there were no differences between the different conditions for task engagement. Interestingly, robot engagement showed a difference between conditions. Children were more robot engaged when interacting with a robot using iconic gestures than without iconic gestures. Finally, when comparing children’s word knowledge with their engagement, we found that both task engagement and robot engagement were positively correlated with children’s word retention.
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To benefit from the social capabilities of a robot math tutor, instead of being distracted by them, a novel approach is needed where the math task and the robot's social behaviors are better intertwined. We present concrete design specifications of how children can practice math via a personal conversation with a social robot and how the robot can scaffold instructions. We evaluated the designs with a three-session experimental user study (n = 130, 8-11 y.o.). Participants got better at math over time when the robot scaffolded instructions. Furthermore, the robot felt more as a friend when it personalized the conversation.
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De werkdruk in winkels is de afgelopen jaren fors toegenomen. Onderbezetting, taakvervaging en personeelstekorten zetten medewerkers én ondernemers onder druk. Winkelpersoneel ervaart stress, valt uit of verlaat de sector, terwijl nieuwe medewerkers schaars zijn. Tegelijkertijd biedt technologische innovatie kansen om die druk te verlichten. Eén van de meest belovende toepassingen is de sociale robot: een klantgerichte, AI-gestuurde technologie die ondersteuning kan bieden op de winkelvloer. Maar wat is de daadwerkelijke impact in de praktijk? In het kader van het SDF Living Lab Social Robots hebben tien winkels in de regio Leidschendam-Voorburg een jaar lang geëxperimenteerd met sociale robots. Deze publicatie bundelt de inzichten uit dit praktijkonderzoek en beantwoordt de centrale vraag: voor welke activiteiten en op welke manier kunnen sociale robots het beste worden ingezet om werkdruk te verlagen en het werk in de retail aantrekkelijker te maken? Het onderzoek is een gezamenlijk initiatief van onderwijsinstellingen, brancheorganisaties en technologiepartners, en sluit aan bij de ambities van de Retailagenda en Human Capital Agenda. Deze uitgave biedt waardevolle inzichten voor iedereen die werkt aan een toekomstbestendige retailsector.
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Deze Powerpoint presentatie werd door lector Cock Heemskerk gebruikt voor een lezing over zorgrobots in het Slimste Huis in Alkmaar. Na een korte uitleg over het werkveld van het lectoraat en de wetenschappelijke definitie van een robot wordt nader ingegaan op de inzetbaarheid van zorgrobots anno 2017. De testresultaten van de zorgrobots Alice en ROSE worden duidelijk uiteengezet. Er wordt ingezoomd op de 21ste eeuw vaardigheden van studenten verpleegkunde en die onderzoekers. Tot slot wordt de opbouw en de doelstelling van een klinische les (nagespeelde praktijksituatie) gepresenteerd.
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In this paper, we examine to what degree children of 3–4 years old engage with a task and with a social robot during a second-language tutoring lesson. We specifically investigated whether children’s task engagement and robot engagement were influenced by three different feedback types by the robot: adult-like feedback, peer-like feedback and no feedback. Additionally, we investigated the relation between children’s eye gaze fixations and their task engagement and robot engagement. Fifty-eight Dutch children participated in an English counting task with a social robot and physical blocks. We found that, overall, children in the three conditions showed similar task engagement and robot engagement; however, within each condition, they showed large individual differences. Additionally, regression analyses revealed that there is a relation between children’s eye-gaze direction and engagement. Our findings showed that although eye gaze plays a significant role in measuring engagement and can be used to model children’s task engagement and robot engagement, it does not account for the full concept and engagement still comprises more than just eye gaze.
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Hospitalisation is stressful for children. Play material is often offered for distraction and comfort. Weexplored how contact with social robot PLEO could positively affect a child’s well-being. To this end, we performed a multiple case study on the paediatric ward of two hospitals. Child life specialists offered PLEO as a therapeutic activity to children in a personalised way for a well-being related purpose in three to five play like activity sessions during hospital visits/stay. Robot–child interaction was observed; care professionals, children and parents were interviewed. Applying direct content analysis revealed six categories of interest: interaction with PLEO, role of the adults, preferences for PLEO, PLEO as buddy, attainment of predetermined goal(s) and deployment of PLEO. Four girls and five boys, aged 4–13, had PLEO offered as a relief from stress or boredom or for physical stimulation. All but one started interacting with PLEO and showed behaviours like hugging, caring or technical exploration, promoting relaxation, activation and/or making contact. Interaction with PLEO contributed to achieving the well-being related purpose for six of them. PLEO was perceived as attractive to elicit play. Although data are limited, promising results emerge that the well-being of hospitalised children might be fostered by a personalised PLEO offer.
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This paper is a plea for involving creative writers in the developmentprocess of robot identities. Writers for theatre, film, games or ’old-fashioned’ novels have the gift of bringing a fictional character tolife on blank paper. These characters can often move us. If we wantto develop rich and layered robot identities, we need to involvecreative writers. Not only for developing the robot identity itself,but also for developing the operating system that manages therobot identity, and we even see a task for writers in the form ofguardianship of the created robot identity
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In het artikel "Liever een humanoïde of een niet-humanoïde robot op de winkelvloer?" (Van de Sanden et al., 2024) onderzochten Stephanie van de Sanden, Ewout Nas, Jacqueline Arnoldy, Tibert Verhagen, Filip Otten en Koen Hindriks welke type sociale robot beter past binnen een winkelomgeving: de mensachtige humanoïde robot Pepper of de functioneel ontworpen niet-humanoïde robot Temi. Gedurende drie weken werden beide robots ingezet bij Tuincentrum Osdorp om klanten advies te geven over potgrond. Uit een vragenlijst onder 224 klanten blijkt dat Pepper beter scoort op passendheid bij de winkelcontext, geschiktheid voor adviestaken en het verrijken van de klantbeleving. Klanten ervoeren Pepper als socialer, geloofwaardiger en meer verwant aan menselijke medewerkers, mede dankzij zijn uiterlijk en non-verbale communicatie. Toch concluderen de auteurs dat de keuze voor een robot afhangt van de specifieke taak, winkelinrichting en kosten: voor advies lijkt een humanoïde robot meerwaarde te hebben, terwijl voor bijvoorbeeld navigatie een mobiel en minder complex model als Temi praktischer kan zijn.
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The challenges facing primary education are significant: a growing teacher shortage, relatively high administrative burdens that contribute to work-related stress and an increasing diversity of children in the classroom. A promising new technology that can help teachers and children meet these challenges is the social robot. These physical robots often use artificial intelligence and can communicate with children by taking on social roles, such as that of a fellow classmate or teaching assistant. Previous research shows that the use of social robots can lead to better results in several ways than when traditional educational technologies are applied. However, social robots not only bring opportunities but also lead to new ethical questions. In my PhD research, I investigated the moral considerations of different stakeholders, such as parents and teachers, to create the first guideline for the responsible design and use of social robots for primary education. Various research methods were used for this study. First of all, a large, international literature study was carried out on the advantages and disadvantages of social robots, in which 256 studies were ultimately analysed. Focus group sessions were then held with stakeholders: a total of 118 parents of primary school children, representatives of the robotics industry, educational policymakers, government education advisors, teachers and primary school children contributed. Based on the insights from the literature review and the focus group sessions, a questionnaire was drawn up and distributed to all stakeholders. Based on 515 responses, we then classified stakeholder moral considerations. In the last study, based on in-depth interviews with teachers who used robots in their daily teaching and who supervised the child-robot interaction of >2500 unique children, we studied the influence of social robots on children's social-emotional development. Our research shows that social robots can have advantages and disadvantages for primary education. The diversity of disadvantages makes the responsible implementation of robots complex. However, overall, despite their concerns, all stakeholder groups viewed social robots as a potentially valuable tool. Many stakeholders are concerned about the possible negative effect of robots on children's social-emotional development. Our research shows that social robots currently do not seem to harm children's social-emotional development when used responsibly. However, some children seem to be more sensitive to excessive attachment to robots. Our research also shows that how people think about robots is influenced by several factors. For example, low-income stakeholders have a more sceptical attitude towards social robots in education. Other factors, such as age and level of education, were also strong predictors of the moral considerations of stakeholders. This research has resulted in a guideline for the responsible use of social robots as teaching assistants, which can be used by primary schools and robot builders. The guideline provides schools with tools, such as involving parents in advance and using robots to encourage human contact. School administrators are also given insight into possible reactions from parents and other parties involved. The guideline also offers guidelines for safeguarding privacy, such as data minimization and improving the technical infrastructure of schools and robots; which still often leaves much to be desired. In short, the findings from this thesis provide a solid stepping stone for schools, robot designers, programmers and engineers to develop and use social robots in education in a morally responsible manner. This research has thus paved the way for more research into robots as assistive technology in primary education.
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This review is the first step in a long-term research project exploring how social robotics and AI-generated content can contribute to the creative experiences of older adults, with a focus on collaborative drawing and painting. We systematically searched and selected literature on human-robot co-creativity, and analyzed articles to identify methods and strategies for researching co-creative robotics. We found that none of the studies involved older adults, which shows the gap in the literature for this often involved participant group in robotics research. The analyzed literature provides valuable insights into the design of human-robot co-creativity and informs a research agenda to further investigate the topic with older adults. We argue that future research should focus on ecological and developmental perspectives on creativity, on how system behavior can be aligned with the values of older adults, and on the system structures that support this best.
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