Fouling plays a major role in the Dairy industry. Five criteria: defined flow, no circulation, real factory product, defined product temperature and defined wall temperature, are used to review articles on this topic published between 2003 and 2020. To show the effect of those criteria in experiments, a simulation model is developed. For a good experimental design to measure fouling, the use of a dairy product in a tubular heater with a known developed flow is advised. The temperature-time history of the product and the wall temperature of the heater should be recorded. Circulation of a product will increase the fouling and decrease the flow. Although none of the reviewed articles complied to all criteria, 71% of the reviewed articles met at least two criteria. If not all criteria are met, the results are of less use for the application for process lines on industrial scale. A simulated computer model can be helpful.
MULTIFILE
This paper assesses wind resource characteristics and energy yield for micro wind turbines integrated on noise barriers. An experimental set-up with sonic anemometers placed on top of the barrier in reference positions is realized. The effect on wind speed magnitude, inflow angle and turbulence intensity is analysed. The annual energy yield of a micro wind turbine is estimated and compared using data from a micro-wind turbine wind tunnel experiment and field data. Electrical energy costs are discussed as well as structural integration cost reduction and the potential energy yield could decrease costs. It was found that instantaneous wind direction towards the barrier and the height of observation play an influential role for the results. Wind speed increases in perpendicular flows while decreases in parallel flow, by +35% down to −20% from the reference. The azimuth of the noise barrier expressed in wind field rotation angles was found to be influential resulted in 50%–130% changes with respect to annual energy yield. A micro wind turbine (0.375 kW) would produce between 100 and 600 kWh annually. Finally, cost analysis with cost reductions due to integration and the energy yield changes due to the barrier, show a LCOE reduction at 60%–90% of the reference value. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104206
As a consequence of climate change and urbanization, many cities will have to deal with more flooding and extreme heat stress. This paper presents a framework to maximize the effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for flood risk reduction and thermal comfort enhancement. The framework involves an assessment of hazards with the use of models and field measurements. It also detects suitable implementation sites for NBS and quantifies their effectiveness for thermal comfort enhancement and flood risk reduction. The framework was applied in a densely urbanized study area, for which different small-scale urban NBS and their potential locations for implementation were assessed. The overall results show that the most effective performance in terms of flood mitigation and thermal comfort enhancement is likely achieved by applying a range of different measures at different locations. Therefore, the work presented here shows the potential of the framework to achieve an effective combination of measures and their locations, which was demonstrated on the case of the Sukhumvit area in Bangkok (Thailand). This can be particularly suitable for assessing and planning flood mitigation measures in combination with heat stress reduction.
Fontys University of Applied Science’s Institute of Engineering, and the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) are proposing to set up a professorship to develop novel sensors for fusion reactors. Sensors are a critical component to control and optimise the unstable plasma of Tokamak reactors. However, sensor systems are particularly challenging in fusion-plasma facing components, such as the divertor. The extreme conditions make it impossible to directly incorporate sensors. Furthermore, in advanced reactor concepts, such as DEMO, access to the plasma via ports will be extremely limited. Therefore, indirect or non-contact sensing modalities must be employed. The research group Distributed Sensor Systems (DSS) will develop microwave sensor systems for characterising the plasma in a tokamak’s divertor. DSS will take advantage of recent rapid developments in high frequency integrated circuits, found, for instance, in automotive radar systems, to develop digital reflectometers. Access through the divertor wall will be achieved via surface waveguide structures. The waveguide will be printed using 3D tungsten printing that has improved precision, and reduced roughness. These components will be tested for durability at DIFFER facilities. The performance of the microwave reflectometer, including waveguides, will be tested by using it to analyse the geometry and dynamics of the Magnum PSI plasma beam. The development of sensor-based systems is an important aspect in the integrated research and education program in Electrical Engineering, where DSS is based. The sensing requirements from DIFFER offers an interesting and highly relevant research theme to DSS and exciting projects for engineering students. Hence, this collaboration will strengthen both institutes and the educational offerings at the institute of engineering. Furthermore millimeter wave (mmWave) sensors have a wide range of potential applications, from plasma characterisation (as in this proposal) though to waste separation. Our research will be a step towards realising these broader application areas.
De fotonica industrie groeit snel in de Brainport regio. Multinationals zoals ASML maar ook talrijke MKB bedrijven werken aan complexe optische systemen. Zij concurreren op wereldschaal met high tech Amerikaanse en Aziatische spelers. Innovatie is daarvoor van levensbelang. R&D in de sleuteltechnologieën fotonica en geavanceerde fabricagesystemen levert hiervoor de hoognodige brandstof. Zo ook in dit project, waarbij twee high tech MKB bedrijven met Fontys 3D-metaalprinten op een nieuwe en slimme manier gaan inzetten voor fotonica. Complexe optische systemen bevatten meestal meerdere optische elementen (o.a. lenzen, spiegels, diafragma’s, lichtbronnen, sensoren) die onderling in een lichtweg gerangschikt en onderling afgesteld moeten worden. Hierbij worden z.g. optische mounts gebruikt om de positie van de individuele optische elementen vast te leggen en na afstelling te fixeren. Een dergelijke afstelmethode is vaak lastig (divergerend), tijdrovend en niet stabiel over de tijd (want gebaseerd op wrijvingsfixatie). Dit project onderzoekt als oplossing een geïntegreerd monolithisch 3D geprint montagesysteem voor optische elementen, waarbij gebruik gemaakt wordt van ruimtelijk georiënteerde 3D geprinte monolithische elementen (spelings- en hysteresevrij). Hiermee wordt de insteltijd aanzienlijk gereduceerd (doelstelling: 100% --> 30%). Tevens zal de positioneernauwkeurigheid van de hierin opgenomen optische elementen gegarandeerd zijn. Tenslotte zullen er aanzienlijk minder onderdelen in het ontwerp aanwezig zijn. Als concrete en haalbare demonstrator wordt een 3D geprinte monolithische optical mount voor de lichtweg van de “Arinna” laserinterferometer van IBSPE uit Eindhoven ontwikkeld en getest. 3D geprinte optical mounts zijn nieuw voor dit netwerk, maar Fontys en aangesloten ondernemers hebben de relevante ervaring in 3D metaalprinten en fotonica. Met de aangesloten fotonica netwerken Photon Delta, DSPE en PhotonicsNL kan de opgedane kennis snel opgeschaald worden en kunnen ook andere MKB bedrijven deze innovatieve mounts voor hun supply chains gaan onderzoeken.
