The growing sophistication, frequency and severity of cyberattacks targeting all sectors highlight their inevitability and the impossibility of completely protecting the integrity of critical computer systems. In this context, cyber-resilience offers an attractive alternative to the existing cybersecurity paradigm. We define cyber-resilience as the capacity to withstand, recover from and adapt to the external shocks caused by cyber-risks. This article seeks to provide a broader organizational understanding of cyber-resilience and the tensions associated with its implementation. We apply Weick's (1995) sensemaking framework to examine four foundational tensions of cyber-resilience: a definitional tension, an environmental tension, an internal tension, and a regulatory tension. We then document how these tensions are embedded in cyber-resilience practices at the preparatory, response and adaptive stages. We rely on qualitative data from a sample of 58 cybersecurity professionals to uncover these tensions and how they reverberate across cyber-resilience practices.
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The potential of a ‘data-driven life’, together with the realization of Weiser’s vision of ‘the disappearing computer’ have been embraced by many. However, the increasing invisibility, virtuality and complexity of data systems also come with a variety of concerns, such as issues of sensemaking, ownership, representation and control. Although data and technology is all around us, its virtual and invisible nature, thereby its lack of material and tangible forms has implications on the way data systems are (mis) used, understood, experienced and perceived. This paper presents craft-based approaches for physical sense making –widely ranging from physical artefacts to show and hide from monitoring, to crafting data physicalizations for critical thinking, communication and creativity. In doing so, this paper discusses how crafting physical forms can be used as a way to grasp and understand ‘invisible’ data systems.
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Sustainable commercial fishing, species conservation, and bycatch are contentious topics. Great emphasis has been placed on the sustainable sourcing of particular species that we buy at the store and order in restaurants, but how can we trust that the fish on our plates, from a system-wide perspective, have been appropriately sourced? Even in what are commonly considered to be the best-managed fisheries in the world (i.e., Alaskan fisheries), thousands of tons of fish are wasted each year in the interest of providing certain species in certain ways to certain people, at certain prices. Are the management practices and regulations that we think are helping actually having the desired outcomes in terms of the effective use of natural resources?This book presents a framework that can enhance our understanding, research, and regulation of frontline organizing processes in commercial fisheries, which may be generalized to other resource extraction industries. It enables readers to better grasp and respond to the need to develop practices and regulations that involve effective use of all natural resources, rather than just a chosen few. The book is especially important to researchers and practitioners active in the fishing industry, and natural resource managers and regulators interested in understanding and improving their management systems. It is also highly relevant to organization and management researchers interested in coupled human and natural systems, ecological sensemaking, the role of quantum mechanics in organizational phenomena, sociomateriality, and sustainability.The book uses the real-world case of an Alaskan fishing fleet to explore how the commercial fishing industry (which includes businesses, management agencies, regulatory bodies, and markets, among others) entangles itself with natural phenomena in order to extract resources from them. After gaining a better understanding of these processes can we see how they can be improved, especially through changes to regulatory management systems, in order to foster not only more sustainable, but also less wasteful (these two goals are not necessarily interdependent in today's regulatory management systems), natural resource extraction and use. Such an understanding requires exploring how regulations, natural phenomena, human sensemaking processes, and market forces entangle at sea to materialize the fish that make their way to our plates - as well as those that, importantly, do not.
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Design Thinking wordt gezien als passende werkwijze om HBO studenten op hun toekomst voor te bereiden. Het is een recente benadering voor het interdisciplinair oplossen van ‘wicked problems’. Vooral co-design geniet populariteit vanwege het veronderstelde emancipatoire karakter. Waar design thinking oorspronkelijk verwees naar ontwerpen voor de materiële wereld (industrieel ontwerp, architectuur), wordt de benadering steeds vaker ingezet voor sociale innovatie. Design Thinking lijkt een blinde vlek voor machtsongelijkheden te hebben, terwijl macht met name in sociale transities een grote rol speelt. Wiens perspectief krijgt voorrang? Naïef optimisme staat dan in de weg van een kritische blik op de vaak tegenstrijdige belangen. Ook is er geen eenduidig beeld van de epistemologische basis van design thinking: het is geen homogeen vakgebied. Daarbij kunnen denken en doen niet gescheiden worden. Daarom is er belangstelling voor onderzoek naar de ontwerppraktijk: wat doen designteams en hoe stemmen ze hun activiteiten af? In deze studie wordt gekeken naar de ontwerppraktijken van hybride teams die zich bezighouden met sociale innovatie. Door te kijken naar zowel ervaren als startende teams, wordt gekeken naar de manieren waarop het deze teams lukt om samenhang te creëren in de framing van het ontwerpproces: ‘framecoherentie’. Ontwerpers werken iteratief: ze ontwikkelen en kiezen frames, maar herzien ze ook regelmatig. Verbeelding speelt hierin een belangrijke rol. Juist in de dagelijkse interacties rondom het ontwikkelen, bepalen en continueren van frames worden gevestigde betekenissen herbevestigd of veranderen ze. Vanuit Weick's raamwerk van 'sensemaking' wordt gekeken naar de ontwerppraktijk als een ‘distributed social accomplishment’. De analyse van macht en verbeelding in de ontwerppraktijken van ervaren en startende teams laat zien op welke wijze ontwerpteams vaardigheden en interventies inzetten en framecoherentie realiseren; welke ontwerpprincipes hieraan ten grondslag liggen en onder welke voorwaarden deze te reproduceren zijn.
