Background: This study investigated the trajectories of decline in individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with aging and the effect of hearing loss, vision loss, or dual sensory loss on these trajectories in community-living frail older persons. Method: This longitudinal population-based study was conducted in 9,319 community-living frail Dutch persons aged 60 years and older. Self-reported hearing loss, vision loss, or dual sensory loss and nine IADL were assessed in 15 studies of the Dutch National Care for the Elderly Program (The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum Dataset). Probabilities of limitations in IADL, odds ratios (per 5 years) for binary, and rate ratios (per 5 years) for score outcomes were calculated using mixed logistic and negative binomial models with age as the underlying timescale, stratified by sensory loss, and corrected for confounders. Results: At baseline, the number of IADL limitations was higher in dual sensory loss (2.00 [interquartile range 1.00–4.00]) and vision loss (2.00 [interquartile range 1.00–4.00]) compared to no sensory loss (1.00 [interquartile range 0.00–2.00]) or hearing loss (1.00 [interquartile range 0.00–3.00]). Trajectories of individual IADL showed an increase in limitations in all IADL with age. Household tasks, traveling, shopping, preparing a meal, and walking showed the most rapid decline. Handling finances, traveling, and walking followed a different pattern of decline based on sensory loss status. Conclusions: The age effect on limitations in IADL appears to be similar across all types of sensory loss, with the exception of handling finances, traveling, and walking. At baseline, persons with self-reported sensory loss had higher levels of self-reported functional limitations. Trajectories depict a decline in IADL competence with age.
BACKGROUND: Anthropometric measurements are widely used to reliably quantify body composition and to estimate risks of overweight in healthy subjects and in patients. However, information about the reliability of anthropometric measurements in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities is lacking.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and the test-retest reliability of body composition measures in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities.METHOD: The study population consisted of 45 subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities. Body mass index, waist circumference, skin folds and tibia length were measured. Reliability was assessed by Wilcoxon signed rank test, limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficients. The outcomes were compared with values provided by the World Health Organization.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between test and retest (P < 0.05). For the skinfold measurements, however, the LOA was insufficient. Intraclass correlation coefficients for all variables, except skinfold measurements, were 0.90 or above.CONCLUSION: Test-retest reliability and feasibility for all measurements are acceptable in subjects with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities. Skinfold measurements, however, could not be reliably performed in these subjects. Measuring tibia length and using the determined formula to calculate body height from tibia length is a reliable alternative for measuring body height. Although measuring the body height of subjects with severe disabilities was feasible, measuring tibia length was more feasible.
In het SaxShirt-project wordt een comfortabel shirt ontwikkeld waarmee fysiologische aspecten van de drager kunnen worden gemeten, zonder dat de drager daar extra inspanning voor hoeft te leveren. Dergelijke technologieën noemen we Zero Effort Technologies (Baecker, 2011). De belangrijkste fysiologische aspecten die in eerste instantie gemeten gaan worden zijn: 1) temperatuur 2) hartslag 3) ademhaling. Het project is gestart in september 2013. Het doel is om in oktober 2014 een praktisch demonstratiemodel te hebben van het shirt waarmee de mogelijkheden van de huidige technologie kunnen worden gedemonstreerd. Het is belangrijk dat het shirt niet alleen comfortabel zit, maar ook robuust en eenvoudig te wassen en reinigen is. Voorafgaand aan dit project zijn er al verscheidene onderzoeken en ontwikkelingen geweest om mogelijkheden voor het shirt te onderzoeken. Om een definitief implementatieplan te kunnen opstellen voor het huidige project, was er behoefte om nog eenmaal een korte verbredende onderzoeksfase uit te voeren. Dit rapport is het resultaat van deze fase. Na de verbredende fase zijn in november 2013 besluiten genomen en is begonnen aan de implementatie van het demonstratiemodel. De belangrijke momenten staan in onderstaand overzicht: • Oktober 2013: Start SaxShirt Project • November 2013: Vaststellen Plan van Aanpak (PvA) voor implementatie • Juli 2014: Afronden implementatie • Oktober 2014: Oplevering eerste demonstratiemodel SaxShirt Dit rapport beschrijft de state-of-the art van technieken waarmee bovenstaande fysiologische aspecten kunnen worden gemeten. Het doel van dit rapport is om een overzicht van in textiel-integreerbare fysiologische sensoren te geven. Dit overzicht dient als basis en discussiestuk voor het pan van aanpak voor de implementatie en kan worden gebruikt als introductie voor nieuwe medewerkers op het SaxShirt project.
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