De maatschappij is in een hoog tempo aan het digitaliseren. Dit blijkt ook uit een toenemend gebruik van slimme technische oplossingen voor gemeenten, oftewel smart city-systemen.Het gebruik ervan heeft ook een keerzijde.
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Smart city-policy makers and technology vendors are increasingly stating they want to bring about citizen-centered smart cities. Yet, it often remains unclear what exactly that means, and how citizens are envisaged as actors in smart cities. This article wants to contribute to this discussion by exploring the relation between smart cities and citizenship. It aims to do this by introducing a heuristic scheme that brings out the implied notions of citizenship in three distinct sets of smart city visions and practices: The Control Room envisages the city as a collection of infrastructures and services; The Creative City views the city from the perspective of (economic) geography and ponders on local and regional systems of innovation; The Smart Citizens discourse addresses the city as a political and civic community. These smart city discourses are mapped against two visions on citizenship and governance taken from political philosophy. A `republican' perspective with strong presence in social-democratic countries is contrasted with a libertarian one, most prominent in Silicon Valley approaches to smart city technologies. This provides a scheme to reflect on potential benefits and downsides if a specific smart city discourse would develop. Instances of smart cities may promote notions of citizenship that are based on consumer choice and individual responsibility, alternatively they could also reinforce collective responsibilities towards the common good of society.
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Toerisme is de afgelopen jaren zeer snel gegroeid en deze toename lijkt alleen maar sterker te worden. Hoewel deze ontwikkeling kan bijdragen aan economische groei, brengt ze ook nadelen met zich mee, vaak als overtoerisme aangeduid. Het project Smart City Hospitality heeft de stedelijke toerismeproblematiek geanalyseerd en een serious game ontwikkeld om belanghebbenden samen te laten refl ecteren. Gezamenlijke beleidsontwikkeling is nodig, maar is een proces van lange adem aangezien mensen snel terug lijken te vallen in oude patronen.
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This article analyses four of the most prominent city discourses and introduces the lens of urban vitalism as an overarching interdisciplinary concept of cities as places of transformation and change. We demonstrate the value of using urban vitalism as a lens to conceptualize and critically discuss different notions on smart, inclusive, resilient and sustainable just cities. Urban vitalism offers a process-based lens which enables us to understand cities as places of transformation and change, with people and other living beings at its core. The aim of the article is to explore how the lens of vitalism can help us understand and connect ongoing interdisciplinary academic debates about urban development and vice versa, and how these ongoing debates inform our understanding of urban vitalism.
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Municipalities often collaborate with other stakeholders in smart city projects to develop and implement technological innovations to address complex urban issues. We propose the shared portfolio approach as an alternative way of collaborating, because we have identified possible limitations when the commonly used single-project approach is adopted in complex contexts, such as the smart city context. The portfolio approach enhances flexibility, an embedded focus and cross-project learning, because partners work on multiple projects – either in parallel or in succession – to develop multiple solutions to a specific problem. An in-depth case study is used to illustrate how the shared portfolio approach works. In practice, these insights can be used by public bodies who aim to collaborate in smart city development or by partners who work on smart city projects and wish to continue their collaboration in a portfolio setting. Conceptually, our paper develops a connection between cross-sector partnership literature and smart city literature by revealing how the shared portfolio approach could be an effective way to deal with the complexities of innovation in the smart city context.
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The surge of smart city technology, thinking, publications and consultancy offerings is significant. This implies there is something seriously developing. But to what extent is this a new development? In this paper the case will be made that urban design has always had to include new technologies and the smart city movement is just another wave of technology that demands inclusion in urban design practice. Nevertheless, city designers and policy makers should make use of the new possibilities on offering. Interactive urban environments could support healthy living, while smart and responsive regulators could minimize our energy use, and anticipative traffic management could help minimising congestion. Further to this, crowd-sensing could smoothen urban mobility and new forms of 3d-printing may re-use and reduce waste. The core of all new technological potential however is still to service people and to make life for urban citizens better. How could people in search for a convenient life be better serviced? Many of them want to have a nice house, a clean, safe and healthy environment, access to resources such as clean water, renewable energy and healthy food, a resilient place that is not vulnerable for all kinds of climate impacts and possibly some room for contemplation. With Maslow’s ladder in mind, achieving this not only depends on the availability and use of technology, rather a well-designed and integrated urban plan is asked for. Meeting the needs of contemporary urban citizens must be served by what urban design is supposed to deliver, only now with current available technologies in the back pocket. The paper emphasises how to design the convenient city by making use of the available technology, but it also takes a stand on the relativity of the current hype of smart cities.
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In many cities, pilot projects are set up to test new technologies that help to address urban sustainability issues, improve the effectiveness of urban services, and enhance the quality of life of citizens. These projects, often labelled as “smart city” projects, are typically supported by municipalities, funded by subsidies, and run in partnerships. Many of the projects fade out after the pilot stage, and fail to generate scalable solutions that contribute to sustainable urban development. The lack of scaling is widely perceived as a major problem. In this paper, we analyze processes of upscaling, focusing on smart city pilot projects in which several partners—with different missions, agendas, and incentives—join up. We start with a literature review, in which we identify three types of upscaling: roll-out, expansion, and replication, each with its own dynamics and degree of context sensitivity. The typology is further specified in relation to several conditions and requirements that can impact upscaling processes, and illustrated by a descriptive analysis of three smart city pilot projects developed in Amsterdam. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations on pilot projects and partnership governance, and adds new perspectives on the debate regarding upscaling.
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From the list of content: " Smart sustainable cities & higher education, Essence: what, why & how? Developing learning materials together; The blended learning environment; Teaching on entrepreneurship; Utrecht municipality as a client; International results; Studentexperiences; International relations; City projects in Turku, Alcoy and Utrecht ".
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Elk jaar organiseert het Leerhuis van het Projectmanagementbureau samen met de Hogeschool van Amsterdam een thematische seminarreeks.De koppeling van de wetenschappelijke theorie met de dagelijkse praktijk biedt een waardevolle verdieping van de kennis van de medewerkers van het Projectmanagementbureau. Centraal staat de toepasbaarheid in ons werk aan complexe en multidisciplinaire opgaven in Amsterdam.In 2018/2019 hebben we gekozen voor het smart city-concept, waarbij big data en tools roepen om toepassingsmogelijkheden in de aanpak van stedelijke problematiek.Wie in de media de discussie over de opkomst van smart cities volgt, krijgt vaak het beeld voorgeschoteld van een grote controlekamer, vol met monitors en schermen. Daarop worden allerhande processen in de stad op de minuut gevolgd: de doorstroming van het verkeer op de hoofdwegen, de weersverwachting en waterstanden, meldingen aan politie en brandweer of samenscholingen van menigtes in de openbare ruimte. Naast deze ‘control room’-visie staan twee minder bekende benaderingen: ‘Smart Citizens’ zet technologie in om burgers meer zeggenschap te geven, terwijl de ‘Creative City’ de stad beziet als ‘living lab’. Alle drie de verschijningsvormen van de smart city bieden kansen om de kwaliteit van leven in de stad te verbeteren, én roepen tegelijkertijd vragen op over hun doelmatigheid en legitimiteit.De verschillende bijdragen aan de seminarreeks over smart cities gingen dieper in op de mogelijkheden en valkuilen van de drie smart city perspectieven. Deze zijn gebundeld in dit magazine en aangevuld met een aantal lessen en handvatten voor de medewerkers van het PMB.
MULTIFILE
