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Art in social work practice

Considering design practice

Academic design research often fails to contribute to design practice. This dissertation explores how design research collaborations can provide knowledge that design professionals will use in practice. The research shows that design professionals are not addressed as an important audience between the many audiences of collaborative research projects. The research provides insight in the learning process by design professionals in design research collaborations and it identifies opportunities for even more learning. It shows that design professionals can learn about more than designing, but also about application domains or project organization.

Cocreating injury prevention training for youth team handball

Although it is advocated that end-users are engaged in developing evidence-based injury prevention training to enhance the implementation, this rarely happens. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ uses an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders throughout the project. Within the I-PROTECT project, the current study aimed to describe the development of holistic injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players through using knowledge from both end-users (coaches and players) and researchers/handball experts. Employing action evaluation within participatory action research, the cyclical development process included three phases: research team preparation, handball expert-based preparation and end-user evaluation to develop injury prevention training incorporating both physical and psychological perspectives. To grow the knowledge of the interdisciplinary research team, rethinking was conducted within and between phases based on participants’ contributions. Researchers and end-users cocreated examples of handball-specific exercises, including injury prevention physical principles (movement technique for upper and lower extremities, respectively, and muscle strength) combined with psychological aspects (increase end-user motivation, task focus and body awareness) to integrate into warm-up and skills training within handball practice. A cyclical development process that engaged researchers/handball experts and end-users to cocreate evidence-based, theory-informed and context-specific injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players generated a first pilot version of exercises including physical principles combined with psychological aspects to be integrated within handball practice.

Learning communities of practice in care

Lifelong learning is necessary for nurses and caregivers to provide good, person-centred care. To facilitate such learning and embed it into regular working processes, learning communities of practice are considered promising. However, there is little insight into how learning networks contribute to learning exactly and what factors of success can be found. The study is part of a ZonMw-funded research project ‘LeerSaam Noord’ in the Netherlands, which aims to strengthen the professionalization of the nursing workforce and promote person-centred care. We describe what learning in learning communities looks like in four different healthcare contexts during the start-up phase of the research project. A thematic analysis of eleven patient case-discussions in these learning communities took place. In addition, quantitative measurements on learning climate, reciprocity behavior, and perceptions of professional attitude and autonomy, were used to underpin findings. Reflective questioning and discussing professional dilemma's i.e. patient cases in which conflicting interests between the patient and the professional emerge, are of importance for successful learning.

Het ziekenhuis als ontwerpvraagstuk

Ziekenhuizen behoren tot wat Mintzberg professionele bureaucratieën noemt. Ze worden geconfronteerd met problemen op het gebied van kwaliteit, patiëntvriendelijkheid, veiligheid en efficiency. Een belangrijke vraag is of ze voor het bereiken van deze doelen de juiste structuur bezitten. In zijn boek Structure in fives (1983) presenteert Mintzberg een ontwerptheorie waarmee deze vraag beantwoord zou kunnen worden. Structuurparameters spelen hierin een belangrijke rol. In het samen met Glouberman geschreven artikel (2001) past hij zijn ontwerptheorie toe op het ziekenhuis. In dat artikel wordt de vraag beantwoord: aan welke knoppen moet de ontwerper draaien om de problemen van ziekenhuizen op te lossen?
In deze bijdrage vergelijk ik de opvattingen van Mintzberg met recente opvattingen over een patiëntgerichte en procesgestuurde organisatie van het ziekenhuis. Ik kom tot de conclusie dat wat hierin voorgesteld wordt, overeenkomt met 1) wat volgens Minztberg niet kan (het kantelen van de ziekenhuisorganisatie van een functionele naar een marktgerichte structuur) en
2) wat volgens Minztberg niet mag (het standaardiseren van output en processen). Dat is praktisch belangrijk, immers, volgens Mintzberg krijgen we nooit de zo gewenste multidisciplinaire, patiëntgerichte en proces- gestuurde ziekenhuisorganisatie. 
In deze bijdrage beperk ik mij nadrukkelijk tot het ziekenhuis als vraagstuk van structuurontwerp. Ik kan, binnen dit bestek, niet ingaan veranderingskundige vraagstukken op meso- en met vraagstukken van institutioneel herontwerp op macroniveau. Deze bijdrage is onderdeel van een vergelijkend onderzoek van de sterke en zwakke punten van verschillende organisatieontwerpbenaderingen (zie Achterbergh, Vriens, 2009; Christis, 2005, 2009 en 2011).

Effectiveness of transmural team-based palliative care in prevention of hospitalizations in patients at the end of life

Background: Team-based palliative care interventions have shown positive results for patients at the end of life in both hospital and community settings. However, evidence on the effectiveness of transmural, that is, spanning hospital and home, team-based palliative care collaborations is limited. Aim: To systematically review whether transmural team-based palliative care interventions can prevent hospital admissions and increase death at home. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), PsychINFO (Ovid), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) were systematically searched until January 2021. Studies incorporating teams in which hospital and community professionals co-managed patients, hospital-based teams with community follow-up, and case-management interventions led by palliative care teams were included. Data was extracted by two researchers independently. Results: About 19 studies were included involving 6614 patients, of whom 2202 received an intervention. The overall pooled odds ratio of at least one hospital (re)admissions was 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.68) in favor of the intervention group. The highest reduction in admission was in the hospital-based teams with community follow-up: OR 0.21 (95% CI 0.07–0.66). The pooled effect on home deaths was 2.19 (95% CI 1.26–3.79), favoring the intervention, with also the highest in the hospital-based teams: OR 4.77 (95% CI 1.23–18.47). However, studies had high heterogeneity regarding intervention, study population, and follow-up time. Conclusion: Transmural team-based palliative care interventions, especially hospital-based teams that follow-up patients at home, show an overall effect on lowering hospital admissions and increasing the number of patients dying at home. However, broad clinical and statistical heterogeneity of included studies results in uncertainty about the effect size.